@article {11128948620160201,
	title = {Accuracy Comparison of Analogy-Based Software Development Effort Estimation Techniques.},
	journal = {International Journal of Intelligent Systems},
	volume = {31},
	number = {2},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {128 - 152},
	abstract = {Estimation by analogy is a commonly used software effort estimation technique and a suitable alternative to other conventional estimation techniques: It predicts the effort of the target project using information from former similar projects. While it is relatively easy to handle numerical attributes, dealing with categorical attributes is one of the most difficult issues for analogy-based estimation techniques. Therefore, we propose, in this paper, a novel analogy-based approach, called 2FA-kprototypes, to predict effort when software projects are described by a mix of numerical and categorical attributes. To this aim, the well-known fuzzy k-prototypes algorithm is integrated into the process of estimation by analogy. The estimation accuracy of 2FA-kprototypes was evaluated and compared with that of two techniques: (1) classical analogy-based technique and (2) 2FA-kmodes, which is a technique that we have developed recently. The comparison was performed using four data sets that are},
	keywords = {Algorithms, Artificial intelligence, Computer software development, Fuzzy control systems, Numerical analysis, Prototypes},
	issn = {08848173},
	url = {http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true\&db=iih\&AN=111289486\&site=ehost-live},
	author = {Idri, Ali and Amazal, Fatima Azzahra and Abran, Alain}
}
@article { ISI:000365798200003,
	title = {Accuracy Comparison of Analogy-Based Software Development Effort Estimation Techniques},
	journal = {INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS},
	volume = {31},
	number = {2, SI},
	year = {2016},
	month = {FEB},
	pages = {128-152},
	abstract = {Estimation by analogy is a commonly used software effort estimation technique and a suitable alternative to other conventional estimation techniques: It predicts the effort of the target project using information from former similar projects. While it is relatively easy to handle numerical attributes, dealing with categorical attributes is one of the most difficult issues for analogy-based estimation techniques. Therefore, we propose, in this paper, a novel analogy-based approach, called 2FA-kprototypes, to predict effort when software projects are described by a mix of numerical and categorical attributes. To this aim, the well-known fuzzy k-prototypes algorithm is integrated into the process of estimation by analogy. The estimation accuracy of 2FA-kprototypes was evaluated and compared with that of two techniques: (1) classical analogy-based technique and (2) 2FA-kmodes, which is a technique that we have developed recently. The comparison was performed using four data sets that are quite diverse and have different sizes: ISBSG, COCOMO, USP05-FT, and USP05-RQ. The results obtained showed that both 2FA-kprototypes and 2FA-kmodes perform better than classical analogy. (C) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.},
	issn = {0884-8173},
	doi = {10.1002/int.21748},
	author = {Idri, Ali and Amazal, Fatima Azzahra and Abran, Alain}
}
@article { ISI:000391839700001,
	title = {Are the expected benefits of requirements reuse hampered by distance? An experiment},
	journal = {SPRINGERPLUS},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2016},
	month = {DEC 20},
	abstract = {Background: Software development processes are often performed by distributed teams which may be separated by great distances. Global software development (GSD) has undergone a significant growth in recent years. The challenges concerning GSD are especially relevant to requirements engineering (RE). Stakeholders need to share a common ground, but there are many difficulties as regards the potentially variable interpretation of the requirements in different contexts. We posit that the application of requirements reuse techniques could alleviate this problem through the diminution of the number of requirements open to misinterpretation. Results: This paper presents a reuse-based approach with which to address RE in GSD, with special emphasis on specification techniques, namely parameterised requirements and traceability relationships. An experiment was carried out with the participation of 29 university students enrolled on a Computer Science and Engineering course. Two main scenarios that represented co-localisation and distribution in software development were portrayed by participants from Spain and Morocco. The global teams achieved a slightly better performance than the co-located teams as regards effectiveness, which could be a result of the worse productivity of the global teams in comparison to the co-located teams. Subjective perceptions were generally more positive in the case of the distributed teams (difficulty, speed and understanding), with the exception of quality. Conclusions: A theoretical model has been proposed as an evaluation framework with which to analyse, from the point of view of the factor of distance, the effect of requirements specification techniques on a set of performance and perception-based variables. The experiment utilised a new internationalisation requirements catalogue. None of the differences found between co-located and distributed teams were significant according to the outcome of our statistical tests. The well-known benefits of requirements reuse in traditional co-located projects could, therefore, also be expected in GSD projects.},
	issn = {2193-1801},
	doi = {10.1186/s40064-016-3782-0},
	author = {Carrillo de Gea, Juan M. and Nicolas, Joaquin and Fernandez-Aleman, Jose L. and Toval, Ambrosio and Idri, Ali}
}
@conference { ISI:000385791400001,
	title = {Cardiovascular Dysautonomias Diagnosis Using Crisp and Fuzzy Decision Tree: A Comparative Study},
	booktitle = {HEALTH INFORMATICS MEETS EHEALTH},
	series = {Studies in Health Technology and Informatics},
	volume = {223},
	year = {2016},
	note = {10th eHealth Conference on Predictive Modeling in Healthcare - From Prediction to Prevention, Vienna, AUSTRIA, MAY 24-25, 2016},
	pages = {1-8},
	abstract = {Decision trees (DTs) are one of the most popular techniques for learning classification systems, especially when it comes to learning from discrete examples. In real world, many data occurred in a fuzzy form. Hence a DT must be able to deal with such fuzzy data. In fact, integrating fuzzy logic when dealing with imprecise and uncertain data allows reducing uncertainty and providing the ability to model fine knowledge details. In this paper, a fuzzy decision tree (FDT) algorithm was applied on a dataset extracted from the ANS (Autonomic Nervous System) unit of the Moroccan university hospital Avicenne. This unit is specialized on performing several dynamic tests to diagnose patients with autonomic disorder and suggest them the appropriate treatment. A set of fuzzy classifiers were generated using FID 3.4. The error rates of the generated FDTs were calculated to measure their performances. Moreover, a comparison between the error rates obtained using crisp and FDTs was carried out and has proved that the results of FDTs were better than those obtained using crisp DTs.},
	isbn = {978-1-61499-645-3; 978-1-61499-644-6},
	issn = {0926-9630},
	doi = {10.3233/978-1-61499-645-3-1},
	author = {Kadi, Ilham and Idri, Ali},
	editor = {Schreier, G and Ammenwerth, E and Horbst, A and Hayn, D}
}
@article { ISI:000372921700003,
	title = {Co-located and distributed natural-language requirements specification: traditional versus reuse-based techniques},
	journal = {JOURNAL OF SOFTWARE-EVOLUTION AND PROCESS},
	volume = {28},
	number = {3},
	year = {2016},
	month = {MAR},
	pages = {205-227},
	abstract = {{Requirements Engineering (RE) includes processes intended to elicit, analyse, specify and validate systems and software requirements throughout the software life cycle. Mastering the principles of RE is key to achieving the goals of better, cheaper and quicker systems and software development projects. It is also important to be prepared to work with remote teammates, as distributed and global projects are becoming more common. This paper presents an experiment with a total of 31 students from two universities in Spain and Morocco who were assigned to either a co-located or a distributed team. Both traditional and reuse-based requirements specification techniques were applied by the participants to produce requirements documents. Their outcomes were then analysed, and the approaches were compared from the point of view of their effect on a set of performance-based and perception-based variables in co-located and distributed settings. We found significant differences in only productivity (Z=-2.320},
	issn = {2047-7473},
	doi = {10.1002/smr.1772},
	author = {Carrillo de Gea, Juan M. and Nicolas, Joaquin and Fernandez Aleman, Jose L. and Toval, Ambrosio and Ouhbi, Sofia and Idri, Ali}
}
@article {11390487420160301,
	title = {Co-located and distributed natural-language requirements specification: traditional versus reuse-based techniques.},
	journal = {Journal of Software: Evolution \& Process},
	volume = {28},
	number = {3},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {205 - 227},
	abstract = {Requirements Engineering (RE) includes processes intended to elicit, analyse, specify and validate systems and software requirements throughout the software life cycle. Mastering the principles of RE is key to achieving the goals of better, cheaper and quicker systems and software development projects. It is also important to be prepared to work with remote teammates, as distributed and global projects are becoming more common. This paper presents an experiment with a total of 31 students from two universities in Spain and Morocco who were assigned to either a co-located or a distributed team. Both traditional and reuse-based requirements specification techniques were applied by the participants to produce requirements documents. Their outcomes were then analysed, and the approaches were compared from the point of view of their effect on a set of performance-based and perception-based variables in co-located and distributed settings. We found significant differences in only productivi},
	keywords = {Computer software, Computer software development, experiment, global software development, internationalisation, Requirements engineering, requirements reuse, requirements specification, Software engineering, software engineering education, Specifications},
	issn = {20477473},
	url = {http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true\&db=iih\&AN=113904874\&site=ehost-live},
	author = {de Gea, Juan M. Carrillo and Nicolas, Joaquin and Fernandez Aleman, Jose L. and Toval, Ambrosio and Ouhbi, Sofia and Idri, Ali}
}
@conference { ISI:000389715100001,
	title = {Dealing with Missing Values in Software Project Datasets: A Systematic Mapping Study},
	booktitle = {SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, NETWORKING AND PARALLEL/DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING},
	series = {Studies in Computational Intelligence},
	volume = {653},
	year = {2016},
	note = {17th IEEE/ACIS International Conference on Software Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Networking and Parallel/Distributed Computing (SNPD), Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA, MAY 30-JUN 01, 2016},
	pages = {1-16},
	publisher = {IEEE; Int Assoc Comp \& Informat Sci; SSCTL; IEEE Comp Soc; Cent Michigan Univ, Software Engn \& Informat Technol Inst; Shanghai Univ; Shanghai Key Lab Comp Software Testing \& Evaluating},
	organization = {IEEE; Int Assoc Comp \& Informat Sci; SSCTL; IEEE Comp Soc; Cent Michigan Univ, Software Engn \& Informat Technol Inst; Shanghai Univ; Shanghai Key Lab Comp Software Testing \& Evaluating},
	abstract = {Missing Values (MV) present a serious problem facing research in software engineering (SE) which is mainly based on statistical and/or data mining analysis of SE data. Therefore, various techniques have been developed to deal adequately with MV. In this paper, a systematic mapping study was carried out to summarize the existing techniques dealing with MV in SE datasets and to classify the selected studies according to six classification criteria: research type, research approach, MV technique, MV type, data types and MV objective. Publication channels and trends were also identified. As results, 35 papers concerning MV treatments of SE data were selected. This study shows an increasing interest in machine learning (ML) techniques especially the K-nearest neighbor algorithm (KNN) to deal with MV in SE datasets and found that most of the MV techniques are used to serve software development effort estimation techniques.},
	isbn = {978-3-319-33810-1; 978-3-319-33809-5},
	issn = {1860-949X},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-33810-1\_1},
	author = {Idri, Ali and Abnane, Ibtissam and Abran, Alain},
	editor = {Lee, R}
}
@conference { ISI:000391420300017,
	title = {An E-government Portals{\textquoteright} Maturity Model - Architectural and Procedural Views},
	booktitle = {2016 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS: THEORIES AND APPLICATIONS (SITA)},
	series = {International Conference on Intelligent Systems, Theories and Applications},
	year = {2016},
	note = {11th International Conference on Intelligent Systems - Theories and Applications (SITA), Mohammedia, MOROCCO, OCT 19-20, 2016},
	publisher = {IEEE; Univ Hassan Casablanca; IEEE Morocco Sect; Fac Sci Tech Mohammedia},
	organization = {IEEE; Univ Hassan Casablanca; IEEE Morocco Sect; Fac Sci Tech Mohammedia},
	abstract = {E-government portals are changing the way citizens are dealing with their governments. The e-government services can be executed by citizens without any location or time constraints, which results in great benefits for them. Therefore, agencies should follow worldwide e-government portals{\textquoteright} best practices that would contribute in the portals{\textquoteright} quality. E-government maturity models can be used for this purpose. The purpose of this paper is to propose an e-government portals{\textquoteright} maturity model that is based on a best practice model for e-government portals. This maturity model can help agencies identify their maturity rank by measuring the presence of those best practices. At the same time, the maturity model can provide guidelines and recommendations for agencies to move to an upper stage of maturity.},
	isbn = {978-1-5090-5781-8},
	issn = {2378-2528},
	author = {Fath-Allah, Abdoullah and Cheikhi, Laila and Al-Qutaish, Rafa E. and Idri, Ali}
}
@conference { ISI:000383373300015,
	title = {An Empirical Evaluation of Mobile Software Usability Using ISO 9126 and QoS DiffServ Model},
	booktitle = {NEW TRENDS IN SOFTWARE METHODOLOGIES, TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES},
	series = {Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications},
	volume = {286},
	year = {2016},
	note = {15th International Conference on New Trends in Intelligent Software Methodology Tools, and Techniques (SoMeT), CYPRUS, SEP 13-15, 2016},
	pages = {177-188},
	abstract = {The aim of this paper is to empirically evaluate a framework that we have developed on the use of the software quality standard ISO 9126 with the Differentiated Services (DiffServ) Quality of Service (QoS) model to assess the software quality of mobile applications, especially the software usability characteristic. To do that, firstly we have carried out an empirical evaluation of the influence of mobile limitations on Diffserv classes by means of the Sensorly tool. Thereafter, a correlation between the influence of mobile limitations on DiffServ classes and its effects on usability characteristic is discussed. As a result of this empirical study, the usability is less correlated with Diffserv classes in terms of influence of mobile limitations given that this characteristic corresponds to the presentation layer unlike the Diffserv model which would focus on the network level quality.},
	isbn = {978-1-61499-674-3; 978-1-61499-673-6},
	issn = {0922-6389},
	doi = {10.3233/978-1-61499-674-3-177},
	author = {Moumane, Karima and Idri, Ali and Nafil, Khalid},
	editor = {Fujita, H and Papadopoulos, GA}
}
@article { ISI:000368878600009,
	title = {Evaluating a decision making system for cardiovascular dysautonomias diagnosis},
	journal = {SPRINGERPLUS},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2016},
	month = {JAN 26},
	abstract = {Autonomic nervous system (ANS) is the part of the nervous system that is involved in homeostasis of the whole body functions. A malfunction in this system can lead to a cardiovascular dysautonomias. Hence, a set of dynamic tests are adopted in ANS units to diagnose and treat patients with cardiovascular dysautonomias. The purpose of this study is to develop and evaluate a decision tree based cardiovascular dysautonomias prediction system on a dataset collected from the ANS unit of the Moroccan university hospital Avicenne. We collected a dataset of 263 records from the ANS unit of the Avicenne hospital. This dataset was split into three subsets: training set (123 records), test set (55 records) and validation set (85 records). C4.5 decision tree algorithm was used in this study to develop the prediction system. Moreover, Java Enterprise Edition platform was used to implement a prototype of the developed system which was deployed in the Avicenne ANS unit so as to be clinically validated. The performance of the decision tree-based prediction system was evaluated by means of the error rate criterion. The error rates were measured for each classifier and have achieved an average value of 1.46, 2.24 and 0.89 \% in training, test, and validation sets respectively. The results obtained were encouraging but further replicated studies are still needed to be performed in order to confirm the findings of this study.},
	issn = {2193-1801},
	doi = {10.1186/s40064-016-1730-7},
	author = {Idri, Ali and Kadi, Ilham}
}
@conference { ISI:000391459700084,
	title = {Experiment Design of Free Pregnancy Monitoring Mobile Personal Health Records Quality Evaluation},
	booktitle = {2016 IEEE 18TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON E-HEALTH NETWORKING, APPLICATIONS AND SERVICES (HEALTHCOM)},
	year = {2016},
	note = {18th IEEE International Conference on e-Health Networking, Applications and Services (Healthcom), Munich, GERMANY, SEP 14-16, 2016},
	pages = {466-471},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	abstract = {In order to improve the management of the patients{\textquoteright} health data and promote the exchange between the patients and healthcare providers, mobile personal health records (mPHRs), as mobile applications, are used to access, store and manage these data. In this paper, a design of the software quality evaluation of free mPHRs for pregnancy monitoring is introduced. Ten mobile applications (4 for iOS and 6 for Android) are selected for the evaluation. A list of tasks is set to be executed in order to answer a quality assessment questionnaire that is developed for this purpose, covering the four quality characteristics: Functional suitability, Operability, Performance efficiency and Reliability, by using the ISO/IEC 25010 quality standard. This evaluation aims to analyze the degree of meeting these quality characteristics, in addition to the compliance between the users{\textquoteright} ratings in the apps stores and the fulfillment of the quality characteristics by the mPHRs for pregnancy monitoring. This study is intended to be developed by conducting the proposed design of the evaluation, which will be of great use for the developers of these apps for further improvements.},
	isbn = {978-1-5090-3370-6},
	author = {Idri, Ali and Bachiri, Mariam and Luis Fernandez-Aleman, Jose and Toval, Ambrosio}
}
@article { ISI:000368730900006,
	title = {A Framework for Evaluating the Software Product Quality of Pregnancy Monitoring Mobile Personal Health Records},
	journal = {JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SYSTEMS},
	volume = {40},
	number = {3},
	year = {2016},
	month = {MAR},
	abstract = {Stakeholders{\textquoteright} needs and expectations are identified by means of software quality requirements, which have an impact on software product quality. In this paper, we present a set of requirements for mobile personal health records (mPHRs) for pregnancy monitoring, which have been extracted from literature and existing mobile apps on the market. We also use the ISO/IEC 25030 standard to suggest the requirements that should be considered during the quality evaluation of these mPHRs. We then go on to design a checklist in which we contrast the mPHRs for pregnancy monitoring requirements with software product quality characteristics and sub-characteristics in order to calculate the impact of these requirements on software product quality, using the ISO/IEC 25010 software product quality standard. The results obtained show that the requirements related to the user{\textquoteright}s actions and the app{\textquoteright}s features have the most impact on the external sub-characteristics of the software product qualitymodel. The only sub-characteristic affected by all the requirements is Appropriateness of Functional suitability. The characteristic Operability is affected by 95 \% of the requirements while the lowest degrees of impact were identified for Compatibility (15 \%) and Transferability (6 \%). Lastly, the degrees of the impact of the mPHRs for pregnancy monitoring requirements are discussed in order to provide appropriate recommendations for the developers and stakeholders of mPHRs for pregnancy monitoring.},
	issn = {0148-5598},
	doi = {10.1007/s10916-015-0415-z},
	author = {Idri, Ali and Bachiri, Mariam and Luis Fernandez-Aleman, Jose}
}
@article { ISI:000392285600072,
	title = {Improved estimation of software development effort using Classical and Fuzzy Analogy ensembles},
	journal = {APPLIED SOFT COMPUTING},
	volume = {49},
	year = {2016},
	month = {DEC},
	pages = {990-1019},
	abstract = {Delivering an accurate estimate of software development effort plays a decisive role in successful management of a software project. Therefore, several effort estimation techniques have been proposed including analogy based techniques. However, despite the large number of proposed techniques, none has outperformed the others in all circumstances and previous studies have recommended generating estimation from ensembles of various single techniques rather than using only one solo technique. Hence, this paper proposes two types of homogeneous ensembles based on single Classical Analogy or single Fuzzy Analogy for the first time. To evaluate this proposal, we conducted an empirical study with 100/60 variants of Classical/Fuzzy Analogy techniques respectively. These variants were assessed using standardized accuracy and effect size criteria over seven datasets. Thereafter, these variants were clustered using the Scott-Knott statistical test and ranked using four unbiased errors measures. Moreover, three linear combiners were used to combine the single estimates. The results show that there is no best single Classical/Fuzzy Analogy technique across all datasets, and the constructed ensembles (Classical/Fuzzy Analogy ensembles) are often ranked first and their performances are, in general, higher than the single techniques. Furthermore, Fuzzy Analogy ensembles achieve better performance than Classical Analogy ensembles and there is no best Classical/Fuzzy ensemble across all datasets and no evidence concerning the best combiner. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {1568-4946},
	doi = {10.1016/j.asoc.2016.08.012},
	author = {Idri, Ali and Hosni, Mohamed and Abran, Alain}
}
@conference { ISI:000391354500056,
	title = {A Mapping Between a BP model and an E-government Portals{\textquoteright} Maturity Model},
	booktitle = {2016 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES (ICEIT)},
	year = {2016},
	note = {2nd International Conference on Electrical and Information Technologies (ICEIT), Tangier, MOROCCO, MAY 04-07, 2016},
	pages = {326-331},
	abstract = {E-government portals are playing an important role in facilitating the citizens{\textquoteright} life. The e-government services can be executed by citizens without any time or location constraints, which results in great benefits for the citizens. Therefore, agencies should pay a special attention when designing, developing and maintaining those e-government portals. In order to achieve this, agencies need to follow worldwide e-government portals{\textquoteright} best practices that would contribute in the portals{\textquoteright} quality. E-government maturity models can be used for this purpose. The purpose of this paper is to propose an e-government portals{\textquoteright} maturity model that is based on a best practice model for e-government portals.},
	isbn = {978-1-4673-8469-8},
	author = {Fath-Allah, Labdoullah and Cheikhi, Laila and Al-Qutaish, Rafa E. and Idri, Ali},
	editor = {Essaaidi, M and ElHani, S}
}
@article { ISI:000377231800036,
	title = {Missing data techniques in analogy-based software development effort estimation},
	journal = {JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE},
	volume = {117},
	year = {2016},
	month = {JUL},
	pages = {595-611},
	abstract = {Missing Data (MD) is a widespread problem that can affect the ability to use data to construct effective software development effort prediction systems. This paper investigates the use of missing data (MD) techniques with two analogy-based software development effort estimation techniques: Classical Analogy and Fuzzy Analogy. More specifically, we analyze the predictive performance of these two analogy-based techniques when using toleration, deletion or k-nearest neighbors (KNN) imputation techniques. A total of 1512 experiments were conducted involving seven data sets, three MD techniques (toleration, deletion and KNN imputation), three missingness mechanisms (MCAR: missing completely at random, MAR: missing at random, NIM: non-ignorable missing), and MD percentages from 10 percent to 90 percent. The results suggest that Fuzzy Analogy generates more accurate estimates in terms of the Standardized Accuracy measure (SA) than Classical Analogy regardless of the MD technique, the data set used, the missingness mechanism or the MD percentage. Moreover, this study found that the use of KNN imputation, rather than toleration or deletion, may improve the prediction accuracy of both analogy-based techniques. However, toleration, deletion and KNN imputation are affected by the missingness mechanism and the MD percentage, both of which have a strong negative impact upon effort prediction accuracy. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0164-1212},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jss.2016.04.058},
	author = {Idri, Ali and Abnane, Ibtissam and Abran, Alain}
}
@article { ISI:000381647000011,
	title = {Mobile personal health records for pregnancy monitoring functionalities: Analysis and potential},
	journal = {COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE},
	volume = {134},
	year = {2016},
	month = {OCT},
	pages = {121-135},
	abstract = {Background and objective: Personal Health Records (PHRs) are a rapidly growing area of health information technology. PHR users are able to manage their own health data and communicate with doctors in order to improve healthcare quality and efficiency. Mobile PHR (mPHR) applications for mobile devices have obtained an interesting market quota since the appearance of more powerful mobile devices. These devices allow users to gain access to applications that used to be available only for personal computers. This paper analyzes the functionalities of mobile PHRs that are specific to pregnancy monitoring. Methods: A well-known Systematic Literature Review (SLR) protocol was used in the analysis process. A questionnaire was developed for this task, based on the rigorous study of scientific literature concerning pregnancy and applications available on the market, with 9 data items and 35 quality assessments. The data items contain calendars, pregnancy information, health habits, counters, diaries, mobile features, security, backup, configuration and architectural design. Results: A total of 33 mPHRs for pregnancy monitoring, available for iOS and Android, were selected from Apple App store and Google Play store, respectively. The results show that none of the mPHRs selected met 100\% of the functionalities analyzed in this paper. The highest score achieved was 77\%, while the lowest was 17\%. Conclusions: In this paper, these features are discussed and possible paths for future development of similar applications are proposed, which may lead to a more efficient use of smartphone capabilities. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0169-2607},
	doi = {10.1016/j.cmpb.2016.06.008},
	author = {Bachiri, Mariam and Idri, Ali and Luis Fernandez-Aleman, Jose and Toval, Ambrosio}
}
@conference { ISI:000391420300054,
	title = {Requirements Specification of an e-Health Solution to Improve Cardiovascular Healthcare Services in Morocco},
	booktitle = {2016 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS: THEORIES AND APPLICATIONS (SITA)},
	series = {International Conference on Intelligent Systems, Theories and Applications},
	year = {2016},
	note = {11th International Conference on Intelligent Systems - Theories and Applications (SITA), Mohammedia, MOROCCO, OCT 19-20, 2016},
	publisher = {IEEE; Univ Hassan Casablanca; IEEE Morocco Sect; Fac Sci Tech Mohammedia},
	organization = {IEEE; Univ Hassan Casablanca; IEEE Morocco Sect; Fac Sci Tech Mohammedia},
	abstract = {Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of deaths in the world. By analyzing data from health records this chronic disease can be better understood. This paper presents the software requirements specification (SRS) of an e-health solution to improve the cardiology healthcare quality and efficiency in Morocco. Based on this SRS, a mobile personal health record along with an electronic health record have been developed for the Autonomic Nervous System centre in Avicenne Hospital in Rabat. Requirements and characteristics of the mobile solution are detailed in this study. Moreover, an empirical evaluation has been conducted to assess and improve the quality of the mobile personal health record using the ISO/IEC 25010 standard.},
	isbn = {978-1-5090-5781-8},
	issn = {2378-2528},
	author = {Ouhbi, Sofia and Idri, Ali and Hakmi, Rachid and Benjelloun, Halima and Luis Fernandez-Aleman, Jose and Toval, Ambrosio}
}
@article { ISI:000391824800005,
	title = {Software project management tools in global software development: a systematic mapping study},
	journal = {SPRINGERPLUS},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2016},
	month = {NOV 24},
	abstract = {Global software development (GSD) which is a growing trend in the software industry is characterized by a highly distributed environment. Performing software project management (SPM) in such conditions implies the need to overcome new limitations resulting from cultural, temporal and geographic separation. The aim of this research is to discover and classify the various tools mentioned in literature that provide GSD project managers with support and to identify in what way they support group interaction. A systematic mapping study has been performed by means of automatic searches in five sources. We have then synthesized the data extracted and presented the results of this study. A total of 102 tools were identified as being used in SPM activities in GSD. We have classified these tools, according to the software life cycle process on which they focus and how they support the 3C collaboration model (communication, coordination and cooperation). The majority of the tools found are standalone tools (77\%). A small number of platforms (8\%) also offer a set of interacting tools that cover the software development lifecycle. Results also indicate that SPM areas in GSD are not adequately supported by corresponding tools and deserve more attention from tool builders.},
	issn = {2193-1801},
	doi = {10.1186/s40064-016-3670-7},
	author = {Yasser Chadli, Saad and Idri, Ali and Nicolas Ros, Joaquin and Luis Fernandez-Aleman, Jose and Carrillo de Gea, Juan M. and Toval, Ambrosio}
}
@conference { ISI:000391420300012,
	title = {A Survey of Empirical Studies in Software Product Maintainability Prediction Models},
	booktitle = {2016 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS: THEORIES AND APPLICATIONS (SITA)},
	series = {International Conference on Intelligent Systems, Theories and Applications},
	year = {2016},
	note = {11th International Conference on Intelligent Systems - Theories and Applications (SITA), Mohammedia, MOROCCO, OCT 19-20, 2016},
	publisher = {IEEE; Univ Hassan Casablanca; IEEE Morocco Sect; Fac Sci Tech Mohammedia},
	organization = {IEEE; Univ Hassan Casablanca; IEEE Morocco Sect; Fac Sci Tech Mohammedia},
	abstract = {Software product maintainability is critical to the achievement of the software product quality. In order to keep the software useful as long as possible, software product maintainability prediction (SPMP) has become an important endeavor. The objective of this paper is to identify and present the current research on SPMP. The search was conducted using digital libraries to find as much research papers as possible. Selected papers are classified according to the following survey classification criteria (SCs): research type, empirical type, publication year and channel. Based on the results of the survey, we provide a discussion of the current state of the art in software maintainability prediction models or techniques. We believe that this study will be a reliable basis for further research in software maintainability studies.},
	isbn = {978-1-5090-5781-8},
	issn = {2378-2528},
	author = {Elmidaoui, Sara and Cheikhi, Laila and Idri, Ali}
}
@article { ISI:000378664500010,
	title = {Systematic literature review of ensemble effort estimation},
	journal = {JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE},
	volume = {118},
	year = {2016},
	month = {AUG},
	pages = {151-175},
	abstract = {The need to overcome the weaknesses of single estimation techniques for prediction tasks has given rise to ensemble methods in software development effort estimation (SDEE). An ensemble effort estimation (EEE) technique combines several of the single/classical models found in the SDEE literature. However, to the best of our knowledge, no systematic review has yet been performed with a focus on the use of EEE techniques in SDEE. The purpose of this review is to analyze EEE techniques from six viewpoints: single models used to construct ensembles, ensemble estimation accuracy, rules used to combine single estimates, accuracy comparison of EEE techniques with single models, accuracy comparison between EEE techniques and methodologies used to construct ensemble methods. We performed a systematic review of EEE studies published between 2000 and 2016, and we selected 24 of them to address the questions raised in this review. We found that EEE techniques may be separated into two types: homogeneous and heterogeneous, and that the machine learning single models are the most frequently employed in constructing EEE techniques. We also found that EEE techniques usually yield acceptable estimation accuracy, and in fact are more accurate than single models. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0164-1212},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jss.2016.05.016},
	author = {Idri, Ali and Hosni, Mohamed and Abran, Alain}
}
@conference { ISI:000386649000023,
	title = {Systematic Mapping Study of Dealing with Error in Software Development Effort Estimation},
	booktitle = {2016 42ND EUROMICRO CONFERENCE ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING AND ADVANCED APPLICATIONS (SEAA)},
	year = {2016},
	note = {42nd Euromicro Conference Series on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications (SEAA), Limassol, CYPRUS, AUG 31-SEP 02, 2016},
	pages = {140-147},
	publisher = {Univ Cyprus; Technolog Educ Inst Western Greece},
	organization = {Univ Cyprus; Technolog Educ Inst Western Greece},
	abstract = {Over the last decades, the software engineering community has investigated new techniques for software development effort estimation. Unfortunately, the estimates were not always accurate. Error approaches are then, an interesting track for improving the projects running performances and their financial profitability. The aim of this systematic mapping study is to summarize and synthesize the existing studies dealing with effort estimation error and uncertainty and to classify them based on research approaches, contribution types, accuracy criteria, datasets, error approaches and effort estimation techniques used. In total 19 papers published between 1990 and 2015 were selected. We observed a balance between the managerial approaches and the technical ones. Furthermore, the proposed error techniques and frameworks improve in general the accuracy of effort estimation techniques. Fuzzy logic, bootstrapping and risk analysis are promising avenues that could be combined with various estimation techniques.},
	isbn = {978-1-5090-2819-1},
	doi = {10.1109/SEAA.2016.39},
	author = {El Koutbi, Salma and Idri, Ali and Abran, Alain}
}
@conference { ISI:000391107900013,
	title = {Systematic Mapping Study of Ensemble Effort Estimation},
	booktitle = {ENASE: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EVALUATION OF NOVEL SOFTWARE APPROACHES TO SOFTWARE ENGINEERING},
	year = {2016},
	note = {11th International Conference on Evaluation of Novel Software Approaches to Software Engineering, Rome, ITALY, APR 27-28, 2016},
	pages = {132-139},
	abstract = {Ensemble methods have been used recently for prediction in data mining area in order to overcome the weaknesses of single estimation techniques. This approach consists on combining more than one single technique to predict a dependent variable and has attracted the attention of the software development effort estimation (SDEE) community. An ensemble effort estimation (EEE) technique combines several existing single/classical models. In this study, a systematic mapping study was carried out to identify the papers based on EEE techniques published in the period 2000-2015 and classified them according to five classification criteria: research type, research approach, EEE type, single models used to construct EEE techniques, and rule used the combine single estimates into an EEE technique. Publication channels and trends were also identified. Within the 16 studies selected, homogeneous EEE techniques were the most investigated. Furthermore, the machine learning single models were the most frequently employed to construct EEE techniques and two types of combiner (linear and non-linear) have been used to get the prediction value of an ensemble.},
	isbn = {978-989-758-189-2},
	doi = {10.5220/0005822701320139},
	author = {Idri, Ali and Hosni, Mohamed and Abran, Alain},
	editor = {Maciaszek, L and Filipe, J}
}
@conference { ISI:000385280000017,
	title = {Toward a Measurement Based E-Government Portals{\textquoteright} Benchmarking Framework},
	booktitle = {PROCEEDINGS OF THE MEDITERRANEAN CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION \& COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES 2015 (MEDCT 2015), VOL 2},
	series = {Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering},
	volume = {381},
	year = {2016},
	note = {Mediterranean Conference on Information and Communication Technologies (MedCT), Saidia, MOROCCO, MAY 07-09, 2015},
	pages = {161-169},
	abstract = {E-government benchmarking is the process of classifying e-government according to agreed best practices or standards. It can help agencies enhance their portals{\textquoteright} quality by identifying the missing best practices, and providing guidelines to implement them. The aim of this paper is to introduce a benchmarking framework for e-government portals based on measurement of best practices. We have first identified and presented two examples of the benchmarking frameworks available in the literature. Based on the comparison conducted, the findings show that although the benchmarking frameworks are serving their intended purposes, they still suffer from some limitations. The paper also highlights how the new framework differs from the other frameworks and overcomes their limitations.},
	isbn = {978-3-319-30298-0; 978-3-319-30296-6},
	issn = {1876-1100},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-30298-0\_17},
	author = {Fath-Allah, Abdoullah and Cheikhi, Laila and Al-Qutaish, Rafa E. and Idri, Ali},
	editor = {ElOualkadi, A and Choubani, F and ElMoussati, A}
}
@conference { ISI:000391420300010,
	title = {Towards a generic model of a user profile},
	booktitle = {2016 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS: THEORIES AND APPLICATIONS (SITA)},
	series = {International Conference on Intelligent Systems, Theories and Applications},
	year = {2016},
	note = {11th International Conference on Intelligent Systems - Theories and Applications (SITA), Mohammedia, MOROCCO, OCT 19-20, 2016},
	publisher = {IEEE; Univ Hassan Casablanca; IEEE Morocco Sect; Fac Sci Tech Mohammedia},
	organization = {IEEE; Univ Hassan Casablanca; IEEE Morocco Sect; Fac Sci Tech Mohammedia},
	abstract = {User modelling is an old research discipline. The main concern of this discipline is to improve the quality of human-computer interaction predictive goals, preferences and context. Thus, adaptation and personalization of a document or an application for a particular user need to have information on the latter. It often referred to as {\textquoteleft}{\textquoteleft}user profile{{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright}}. A user profile modelling process must be done in two stages. These can be expressed by two questions: (1) {\textquoteleft}{\textquoteleft}what data?{{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright}} and (2) {\textquoteleft}{\textquoteleft}In what form will they be organized?{{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright}} The answer to the first question will determine all relevant information that best represents the interests and needs of the user. As for the second, it will determine the logical structure in which a profile will be modelled. This paper aims to provide answers to both questions. To do this, we begin with a presentation of different areas where the user profile can make a major contribution. In the second step, we define all the information to be included in the user profile as well as a generic model that we can adapt to different areas.},
	isbn = {978-1-5090-5781-8},
	issn = {2378-2528},
	author = {Anter, Samir and El Yazidi, Mly Hafid and Zellou, Ahmed and Idri, Ali}
}
@article { ISI:000375706200001,
	title = {Usability evaluation of mobile applications using ISO 9241 and ISO 25062 standards},
	journal = {SPRINGERPLUS},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2016},
	month = {APR 29},
	abstract = {This paper presents an empirical study based on a set of measures to evaluate the usability of mobile applications running on different mobile operating systems, including Android, iOS and Symbian. The aim is to evaluate empirically a framework that we have developed on the use of the Software Quality Standard ISO 9126 in mobile environments, especially the usability characteristic. To do that, 32 users had participated in the experiment and we have used ISO 25062 and ISO 9241 standards for objective measures by working with two widely used mobile applications: Google Apps and Google Maps. The QUIS 7.0 questionnaire have been used to collect measures assessing the users{\textquoteright} level of satisfaction when using these two mobile applications. By analyzing the results we highlighted a set of mobile usability issues that are related to the hardware as well as to the software and that need to be taken into account by designers and developers in order to improve the usability of mobile applications.},
	issn = {2193-1801},
	doi = {10.1186/s40064-016-2171-z},
	author = {Moumane, Karima and Idri, Ali and Abran, Alain}
}
@conference { ISI:000386649000017,
	title = {A Validation of a Measurement Based E-government Portals{\textquoteright} Maturity Model},
	booktitle = {2016 42ND EUROMICRO CONFERENCE ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING AND ADVANCED APPLICATIONS (SEAA)},
	year = {2016},
	note = {42nd Euromicro Conference Series on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications (SEAA), Limassol, CYPRUS, AUG 31-SEP 02, 2016},
	pages = {100-107},
	publisher = {Univ Cyprus; Technolog Educ Inst Western Greece},
	organization = {Univ Cyprus; Technolog Educ Inst Western Greece},
	abstract = {An e-government portal{\textquoteright}s maturity model is a set of stages (from basic to advanced ones) that determines the maturity of e-government portals. In fact, these models can be used to provide directions and recommendations for agencies to improve their portals{\textquoteright} maturity. However, before choosing a maturity model by any agency, it is important to know to which extent the e-government community agree or disagree with the model. In previous research studies, we have built an e-government portals{\textquoteright} maturity model that is based on a best practice model. The aim of this paper is to validate this new model by e-government experts using a survey to prove that the model is valid and reliable. For this purpose, we have described the components of this model, and the previous work that has been done to build it. Based on the results of the survey, our findings show that the new model has proven its validity.},
	isbn = {978-1-5090-2819-1},
	doi = {10.1109/SEAA.2016.38},
	author = {Fath-Allah, Abdoullah and Cheikhi, Laila and Al-Qutaish, Rafa E. and Idri, Ali}
}
@article { ISI:000347022800012,
	title = {Analogy-based software development effort estimation: A systematic mapping and review},
	journal = {INFORMATION AND SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY},
	volume = {58},
	year = {2015},
	month = {FEB},
	pages = {206-230},
	abstract = {Context: Analogy-based Software development Effort Estimation (ASEE) techniques have gained considerable attention from the software engineering community. However, existing systematic map and review studies on software development effort prediction have not investigated in depth several issues of ASEE techniques, to the exception of comparisons with other types of estimation techniques. Objective: The objective of this research is twofold: (1) to classify ASEE studies which primary goal is to propose new or modified ASEE techniques according to five criteria: research approach, contribution type, techniques used in combination with ASEE methods, and ASEE steps, as well as identifying publication channels and trends and (2) to analyze these studies from five perspectives: estimation accuracy, accuracy comparison, estimation context, impact of the techniques used in combination with ASEE methods, and ASEE tools. Method: We performed a systematic mapping of studies for which the primary goal is to develop or to improve ASEE techniques published in the period 1990-2012, and reviewed them based on an automated search of four electronic databases. Results: In total, we identified 65 studies published between 1990 and 2012, and classified them based on our predefined classification criteria. The mapping study revealed that most researchers focus on addressing problems related to the first step of an ASEE process, that is, feature and case subset selection. The results of our detailed analysis show that ASEE methods outperform the eight techniques with which they were compared, and tend to yield acceptable results especially when combining ASEE techniques with Fuzzy Logic (FL) or Genetic Algorithms (GA). Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, the use of other techniques such FL and GA in combination with an ASEE method is promising to generate more accurate estimates. However, the use of ASEE techniques by practitioners is still limited: developing more ASEE tools may facilitate the application of these techniques and then lead to increasing the use of ASEE techniques in industry. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0950-5849},
	doi = {10.1016/j.infsof.2014.07.013},
	author = {Idri, Ali and Amazal, Fatima Azzahra and Abran, Alain}
}
@conference { ISI:000380409500003,
	title = {Are Mobile Blood Donation Applications Green?},
	booktitle = {2015 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS: THEORIES AND APPLICATIONS (SITA)},
	year = {2015},
	note = {10th International Conference on Intelligent Systems - Theories and Applications (SITA), ENSIAS, Rabat, MOROCCO, OCT 20-21, 2015},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	abstract = {On a global scale, software sustainability is attracting more and more attention. The term green software often refers to environmental sustainability applied to software systems, however, it is impacted by the different dimensions of sustainability. Green software can be divided into green by software and green in software. Blood donation mobile applications are more and more used by smartphone users. They represent an alternative way to attract volunteers and increase awareness about the importance of blood donation acts. The aim of this paper is to assess the greenability of seventy-two free blood donation applications using individual, social, environmental and technical dimensions of sustainability. The type, functionality and energy consumption of each app are identified and analyzed. Results have shown that the type of the BD app has a great impact on its level of greenability.},
	isbn = {978-1-5090-0220-7},
	author = {Ouhbi, Sofia and Luis Fernandez-Aleman, Jose and Idri, Ali and Rivera Pozo, Jose}
}
@article { ISI:000356162200002,
	title = {Compliance of Blood Donation Apps with Mobile OS Usability Guidelines},
	journal = {JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SYSTEMS},
	volume = {39},
	number = {6},
	year = {2015},
	month = {JUN},
	abstract = {The aim of this paper is to employ the guidelines of Android, iOS, Blackberry and Windows Phone to analyze the usability compliance of free blood donation (BD) apps. An analysis process based on a systematic review protocol is used to select free BD apps. An assessment is conducted using a questionnaire composed of 13 questions concerning the compliance of free BD apps with Android, Blackberry, iOS and Windows Phone usability guidelines. A total of 133 free BD apps have been selected from the 188 BD apps identified. Around 63 \% of the free BD apps selected have a good compliance with mobile OS usability recommendations. Around 72 \% of Android, 57 \% of Windows Phone, 33 \% of iOS and 33 \% of Blackberry BD apps have a high usability score. The aspect of BD app behavior should be improved along with some style components: the use of pictures to explain ideas and the adaptation of the app to both horizontal and vertical orientations. Structure patterns should also be used to improve the structure aspect of a BD app. Usability is a quality aspect that should be improved in current BD apps. Our study provides smartphone users with a list of usable free BD apps and BD app developers with recommendations.},
	issn = {0148-5598},
	doi = {10.1007/s10916-015-0243-1},
	author = {Ouhbi, Sofia and Luis Fernandez-Aleman, Jose and Rivera Pozo, Jose and El Bajta, Manal and Toval, Ambrosio and Idri, Ali}
}
@conference { ISI:000380431500113,
	title = {A decision tree-based approach for cardiovascular dysautonomias diagnosis},
	booktitle = {2015 IEEE SYMPOSIUM SERIES ON COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE (IEEE SSCI)},
	year = {2015},
	note = {IEEE Symposium Series Computational Intelligence, Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA, DEC 07-10, 2015},
	pages = {816-823},
	publisher = {IEEE; IEEE Computational Intelligence Soc; IEEE BigData},
	organization = {IEEE; IEEE Computational Intelligence Soc; IEEE BigData},
	abstract = {Terms as knowledge Discovery from Databases (KDD), Data Mining (DM) and Machine Learning (ML), gain from day to day, an increasing significance in medical data analysis. They permit the identification, evaluation, and quantification of some less visible, intuitively unpredictable, by using generally large sets of data. Researchers have long been concerned with applying DM tools to improve data analysis on large data sets. DM has been increasingly used in medicine, particularly in cardiology. In fact, data mining applications can greatly benefits all parts involved in cardiology. Autonomic nervous system (ANS) is the part of the nervous system that is involved in homeostasis of the whole body functions. A malfunction in this system can lead to a cardiovascular dysautonomias. Thereby, a set of dynamic tests are adopted in ANS units to diagnose and treat patients with cardiovascular dysautonomias. In this paper, a case study was performed in order to construct a cardiovascular dysautonomias prediction system using data mining techniques and a dataset collected from an ANS unit of the Moroccan university hospital Avicenne. The prediction system is a decision tree-based classifier that was developed using C4.5 decision tree algorithm to automate the analysis procedure of ANS{\textquoteright}s test results and make it easier for specialists. The performance of the generated decision trees was evaluated and the results obtained achieved high accuracy rates which were very promising. In addition, a clinical validation of the developed system was carried out on new patients. In fact, a prototype of the developed system was implemented on JEE platform and deployed in the ANS unit so as to be validated clinically. The results were analyzed and thus the prototype was approved to be highly accurate, interpretable, time saving and easy to use.},
	isbn = {978-1-4799-7560-0},
	doi = {10.1109/SSCI.2015.121},
	author = {Kadi, Ilham and Idri, Ali}
}
@article {10368063820150701,
	title = {E-Government Portals Maturity Models: A Best Practices{\textquoteright} Coverage Perspective.},
	journal = {Journal of Software (1796217X)},
	volume = {10},
	number = {7},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {805 - 824},
	abstract = {E-government is a field where oriented practice is considered crucial for its prosperity. Therefore, best practices are considered among the success factors of e-government portals. To this end, e-government maturity models can be used to provide guidance and guidelines to identify those best practices. After an extensive literature review, we have collected both; the e-government portals{\textquoteright} best practices and organized them according to their purposes in an e-Government Portals{\textquoteright} Best Practice Model (eGPBPM), and the set of 25 maturity models best practices in two separated previous published studies. The eGPBPM is composed of four best practice categories including: back-end, Web design, Web content and external. Moreover, each maturity model has several stages of maturity and each stage include a set of best practices used to rank the maturity of e-government portals. The goal of this paper is to identify the extent to which e-government maturity models are covering the best practices},
	keywords = {best practices, Capability maturity model (Computer software), E-Government, e-government portal, Information \& communication technologies, Internet in public administration, maturity model, Web design, Web portals},
	issn = {1796217X},
	url = {http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true\&db=iih\&AN=103680638\&site=ehost-live},
	author = {Fath-Allah, Abdoullah and Cheikhi, Laila and Al-Qutaish, Rafa E. and Idri, Ali}
}
@article { ISI:000349001200001,
	title = {Empirical Studies on Usability of mHealth Apps: A Systematic Literature Review},
	journal = {JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SYSTEMS},
	volume = {39},
	number = {2},
	year = {2015},
	month = {FEB},
	abstract = {The release of smartphones and tablets, which offer more advanced communication and computing capabilities, has led to the strong emergence of mHealth on the market. mHealth systems are being used to improve patients{\textquoteright} lives and their health, in addition to facilitating communication between doctors and patients. Researchers are now proposing mHealth applications for many health conditions such as dementia, autism, dysarthria, Parkinson{\textquoteright}s disease, and so on. Usability becomes a key factor in the adoption of these applications, which are often used by people who have problems when using mobile devices and who have a limited experience of technology. The aim of this paper is to investigate the empirical usability evaluation processes described in a total of 22 selected studies related to mHealth applications by means of a Systematic Literature Review. Our results show that the empirical evaluation methods employed as regards usability could be improved by the adoption of automated mechanisms. The evaluation processes should also be revised to combine more than one method. This paper will help researchers and developers to create more usable applications. Our study demonstrates the importance of adapting health applications to users{\textquoteright} need.},
	issn = {0148-5598},
	doi = {10.1007/s10916-014-0182-2},
	author = {Cruz Zapata, Belen and Luis Fernandez-Aleman, Jose and Idri, Ali and Toval, Ambrosio}
}
@conference { ISI:000354859800032,
	title = {FGAV (Fuzzy Global as Views)},
	booktitle = {INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTEGRATED INFORMATION (IC-ININFO 2014)},
	series = {AIP Conference Proceedings},
	volume = {1644},
	year = {2015},
	note = {4th International Conference on Integrated Information (IC-ININFO), Madrid, SPAIN, SEP 05-08, 2014},
	pages = {236-243},
	publisher = {Univ Peloponnese; Linnaeus Univ; Aberystwyth Univ; Technol \& Educ Inst Athens; Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Ciencias Documentac; Inst Disseminat Arts \& Sci},
	organization = {Univ Peloponnese; Linnaeus Univ; Aberystwyth Univ; Technol \& Educ Inst Athens; Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Ciencias Documentac; Inst Disseminat Arts \& Sci},
	abstract = {The mediation is an approach of integration, which allows to integrate different heterogeneous, autonomous and scalable sources of information, it provide to the user an uniform access, while hiding the peculiarities of each sources. In this paper, we presenting an approach of mapping for mediation systems, an operation that is used to define and describe all the links between the elements of global schema and those of local schemas. To this end, we firstly presenting our approach to mapping that consist to defining and associates for each link between two elements the weight that reflects the degree of its existence by using an analysis of two components: syntactic and semantic. On the other hand, we integrate a set of functionality for source schemas with elements of complex types.},
	isbn = {978-0-7354-1283-5},
	issn = {0094-243X},
	doi = {10.1063/1.4907842},
	author = {El Yazidi, Moulay Hafid and Zellou, Ahmed and Idri, Ali},
	editor = {Giannakopoulos, G and Sakas, DP and KyriakiManessi, D}
}
@article { ISI:000352821900011,
	title = {Free Blood Donation Mobile Applications},
	journal = {JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SYSTEMS},
	volume = {39},
	number = {5},
	year = {2015},
	month = {MAY},
	abstract = {Blood donation (BD) is a noble act and mobile applications (apps) can help increase awareness about it. This paper analyzes and assesses the characteristics of free apps for BD as regards features and functionality. A search in Google Play, Apple Apps store, Blackberry App World and Windows Mobile App store was carried out to select 169 free BD apps from the 188 apps identified. The results presented in this paper show that the majority of the apps selected have been developed for the Android operating system. Moreover, most of the apps selected are available to help users search for donors. Few of the apps could not be installed and/or accessed. Of those that could be installed: half of them do not require any kind of authentication; a few of them are available in more than one language; half of them have a geographical restriction; around 60 \% of them do not notify the user of BD events and requests; one, which is available for Android and iOS, can connect with a laboratory; around 45 \% of them allow users to share information via social networks, and the majority of them do not provide BD recommendations. These results are used as a basis to provide app developers with certain recommendations. There is a need for better BD apps with more features in order to increase the number of volunteer donors.},
	issn = {0148-5598},
	doi = {10.1007/s10916-015-0228-0},
	author = {Ouhbi, Sofia and Luis Fernandez-Aleman, Jose and Toval, Ambrosio and Idri, Ali and Rivera Pozo, Jose}
}
@conference { ISI:000380409500006,
	title = {Mapping discovery methodology in a pure P2P mediation system for XML schemas},
	booktitle = {2015 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS: THEORIES AND APPLICATIONS (SITA)},
	year = {2015},
	note = {10th International Conference on Intelligent Systems - Theories and Applications (SITA), ENSIAS, Rabat, MOROCCO, OCT 20-21, 2015},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	abstract = {The exponential development of information exchange today has updated the difficulties to find the relevant information wished by an end user. Indeed, the information is represented and stored in a multitude of information sources in a very heterogeneous way. The type of these information sources can be varied (textual data, relational, multimedia, semi structured...) and their very different storage systems (file system, DBMS, applications). It is thus necessary to offer an information sources integration system, while assuring the transparency to the distribution and the heterogeneousness. In this work, we focus to integration of information sources via the mediation approach in a pur P2P environment. We are particularly interested to the Mapping discovery in this type of system integration.},
	isbn = {978-1-5090-0220-7},
	author = {El Idrissi Selma, El Yahyaoui and Zellou, Ahmed and Idri, Ali}
}
@conference { ISI:000380409500002,
	title = {Mapping in GAV context},
	booktitle = {2015 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS: THEORIES AND APPLICATIONS (SITA)},
	year = {2015},
	note = {10th International Conference on Intelligent Systems - Theories and Applications (SITA), ENSIAS, Rabat, MOROCCO, OCT 20-21, 2015},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	abstract = {Mediation is an approach that allows integrating different heterogeneous, distributed and scalable data sources. The objective of our paper is to define an approach of mapping, one of the essential operations that can describe and define the set of links between the two levels of mediation system: mediator schema (global) and schemas of sources to be integrated (local). Our approach allows to define the mapping for systems with complex schemas (schemas with complexes elements) and this by using functions developed that taking into account two aspects: syntactic and semantic.},
	isbn = {978-1-5090-0220-7},
	author = {Hafid El Yazidi, Moulay and Zellou, Ahmed and Idri, Ali}
}
@conference { ISI:000354859800033,
	title = {Pure P2P Mediation System: A Mappings Discovery Approach},
	booktitle = {INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTEGRATED INFORMATION (IC-ININFO 2014)},
	series = {AIP Conference Proceedings},
	volume = {1644},
	year = {2015},
	note = {4th International Conference on Integrated Information (IC-ININFO), Madrid, SPAIN, SEP 05-08, 2014},
	pages = {244-251},
	publisher = {Univ Peloponnese; Linnaeus Univ; Aberystwyth Univ; Technol \& Educ Inst Athens; Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Ciencias Documentac; Inst Disseminat Arts \& Sci},
	organization = {Univ Peloponnese; Linnaeus Univ; Aberystwyth Univ; Technol \& Educ Inst Athens; Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Ciencias Documentac; Inst Disseminat Arts \& Sci},
	abstract = {The information integration systems consist in offering a uniform interface to provide access to a set of autonomous and distributed information sources. The most important advantage of this system is that it allows users to specify what they want, rather than thinking about how to get the responses. The works realized in this area have particular leads to two major classes of integration systems: the mediation systems based on the paradigm mediator / adapter and peer to peer systems (P2P). The combination of both systems has led to a third type; is the mediation P2P systems. The P2P systems are large-scale systems, self-organized and distributed. They allow the resource management in a completely decentralized way. However, the integration of structured information sources, heterogeneous and distributed proves to be a complex problem. The objective of this work is to propose an approach to resolve conflicts and establish a mapping between the heterogeneous elements. This approach is based on clustering; the latter is to group similar Peers that share common information in the same subnet. Thus, to facilitate the heterogeneity, we introduced three additional layers of our hierarchy of peers: internal schema, external schema and Schema directory peer. We used linguistic techniques, and precisely the name correspondence technique, that is based on the similarity of names to propose a correspondence.},
	isbn = {978-0-7354-1283-5},
	issn = {0094-243X},
	doi = {10.1063/1.4907843},
	author = {Selma, El Yahyaoui El Idrissi and Zellou, Ahmed and Idri, Ali},
	editor = {Giannakopoulos, G and Sakas, DP and KyriakiManessi, D}
}
@conference { ISI:000380409500001,
	title = {Quality of Data in Mediation Systems},
	booktitle = {2015 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS: THEORIES AND APPLICATIONS (SITA)},
	year = {2015},
	note = {10th International Conference on Intelligent Systems - Theories and Applications (SITA), ENSIAS, Rabat, MOROCCO, OCT 20-21, 2015},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	abstract = {Quality of Data (QoD) became a major concern which more and more considers necessary to evolve the satisfaction of final users. In this work, we are approaching a methodology which consists of classifying and listing factors impacting Data Quality in Data Integration Systems, and more literally these which influence mediation systems and which will constitute our long-term research axis. Moreover, we shall propose in this work a contribution in the form of an attempt to define main factors impacting Quality of Data.},
	isbn = {978-1-5090-0220-7},
	author = {Mimouni, Loubna and Zellou, Ahmed and Idri, Ali}
}
@conference { ISI:000380431500135,
	title = {RBFN Networks-based Models for Estimating Software Development Effort: A Cross-validation Study},
	booktitle = {2015 IEEE SYMPOSIUM SERIES ON COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE (IEEE SSCI)},
	year = {2015},
	note = {IEEE Symposium Series Computational Intelligence, Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA, DEC 07-10, 2015},
	pages = {976-983},
	publisher = {IEEE; IEEE Computational Intelligence Soc; IEEE BigData},
	organization = {IEEE; IEEE Computational Intelligence Soc; IEEE BigData},
	abstract = {Software effort estimation is very crucial and there is always a need to improve its accuracy as much as possible. Several estimation techniques have been developed in this regard and it is difficult to determine which model gives more accurate estimation on which dataset. Among all proposed methods, the Radial Basis Function Neural (RBFN) networks models have presented promising results in software effort estimation. The main objective of this research is to evaluate the RBFN networks construction based on both hard and fuzzy C-means clustering algorithms using cross-validation approach. The objective of this replication study is to investigate if the RBFN-based models learned from the training data are able to estimate accurately the efforts of yet unseen data. This evaluation uses two historical datasets, namely COCOMO81 and ISBSG R8.},
	isbn = {978-1-4799-7560-0},
	doi = {10.1109/SSCI.2015.142},
	author = {Idri, Ali and Hassani, Aya and Abran, Alain}
}
@conference { ISI:000380431500128,
	title = {RBFN Networks-based Models for Estimating Software Development Effort: A Cross-validation Study},
	booktitle = {2015 IEEE SYMPOSIUM SERIES ON COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE (IEEE SSCI)},
	year = {2015},
	note = {IEEE Symposium Series Computational Intelligence, Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA, DEC 07-10, 2015},
	pages = {925-932},
	publisher = {IEEE; IEEE Computational Intelligence Soc; IEEE BigData},
	organization = {IEEE; IEEE Computational Intelligence Soc; IEEE BigData},
	abstract = {Software effort estimation is very crucial and there is always a need to improve its accuracy as much as possible. Several estimation techniques have been developed in this regard and it is difficult to determine which model gives more accurate estimation on which dataset. Among all proposed methods, the Radial Basis Function Neural (RBFN) networks models have presented promising results in software effort estimation. The main objective of this research is to evaluate the RBFN networks construction based on both hard and fuzzy C-means clustering algorithms using cross-validation approach. The objective of this replication study is to investigate if the RBFN-based models learned from the training data are able to estimate accurately the efforts of yet unseen data. This evaluation uses two historical datasets, namely COCOMO81 and ISBSG R8.},
	isbn = {978-1-4799-7560-0},
	doi = {10.1109/SSCI.2015.136},
	author = {Idri, Ali and Hassani, Aya and Abran, Alain}
}
@article {10260344020150601,
	title = {Requirements engineering education: a systematic mapping study.},
	journal = {Requirements Engineering},
	volume = {20},
	number = {2},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {119 - 138},
	abstract = {Requirements engineering (RE) has attracted a great deal of attention from researchers and practitioners in recent years. Requirements engineering education (REE) is therefore an important undertaking if the field is to have professionals who are capable of successfully accomplishing software projects. This increasing interest demands that academia should provide software engineering students with a solid foundation in the subject matter. This paper aims to identify and to present the current research on REE that is available at present, and to select useful approaches and needs for future research. A systematic mapping study was therefore performed to classify the selected studies into five classification criteria: research type, empirical type, contribution type, RE activity, and curricula. A total of 79 papers were selected and classified according to these criteria. The results of this systematic mapping study are discussed, and a list of advice obtained from the REE literature fo},
	keywords = {Computer software, education, Engineering {\textendash} Study \& teaching, Mappings (Mathematics), Requirements engineering, Software engineering, Software requirements, Systematic mapping study},
	issn = {09473602},
	url = {http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true\&db=iih\&AN=102603440\&site=ehost-live},
	author = {Ouhbi, Sofia and Idri, Ali and Fern{\'a}ndez-Alem{\'a}n, Jos{\'e} and Toval, Ambrosio}
}
@article { ISI:000357593500001,
	title = {Requirements engineering education: a systematic mapping study},
	journal = {REQUIREMENTS ENGINEERING},
	volume = {20},
	number = {2},
	year = {2015},
	month = {JUN},
	pages = {119-138},
	abstract = {Requirements engineering (RE) has attracted a great deal of attention from researchers and practitioners in recent years. Requirements engineering education (REE) is therefore an important undertaking if the field is to have professionals who are capable of successfully accomplishing software projects. This increasing interest demands that academia should provide software engineering students with a solid foundation in the subject matter. This paper aims to identify and to present the current research on REE that is available at present, and to select useful approaches and needs for future research. A systematic mapping study was therefore performed to classify the selected studies into five classification criteria: research type, empirical type, contribution type, RE activity, and curricula. A total of 79 papers were selected and classified according to these criteria. The results of this systematic mapping study are discussed, and a list of advice obtained from the REE literature for instructors is provided.},
	issn = {0947-3602},
	doi = {10.1007/s00766-013-0192-5},
	author = {Ouhbi, Sofia and Idri, Ali and Luis Fernandez-Aleman, Jose and Toval, Ambrosio}
}
@conference { ISI:000380403000023,
	title = {Software Cost Estimation for Global Software Development A Systematic Map and Review Study},
	booktitle = {ENASE 2015 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EVALUATION OF NOVEL APPROACHES TO SOFTWARE ENGINEERING},
	year = {2015},
	note = {10th International Conference on Evaluation of Novel Approaches to Software Engineering, Barcelona, SPAIN, APR 29-30, 2015},
	pages = {197-206},
	publisher = {Inst Syst \& Technol Information, Control \& Commun; Tech Council Software Engn; IEEE Comp Soc},
	organization = {Inst Syst \& Technol Information, Control \& Commun; Tech Council Software Engn; IEEE Comp Soc},
	abstract = {Software cost estimation plays a central role in the success of software project management in the context of global software development (GSD). The importance of mastering software cost estimation may appear to be obvious. However, as regards the issue of customer satisfaction, end-users are often unsatisfied with software project management results. In this paper, a systematic mapping study (SMS) is carried out with the aim of summarising software cost estimation in the context of GSD research by answering nine mapping questions. A total, of 16 articles were selected and classified according to nine criteria: publication source, publication year, research type, research approach, contribution type, software cost estimation techniques, software cost estimation activity, cost drivers and cost estimation performances for GSD projects. The results show that the interest in estimating software cost for GSD projects has increased in recent years and reveal that conferences are the most frequently targeted publications. Most software cost estimation for GSD research has focused on theory. The dominant contribution type of software cost estimation for GSD research is that of models, while the predominant activity was identified as being software development cost. Identifying empirical solutions to address software cost estimation for GSD is a promising direction for researchers.},
	isbn = {978-9-8975-8143-4},
	author = {El Bajta, Manal and Idri, Ali and Luis Fernandez-Aleman, Jose and Nicolas Ros, Joaquin and Toval, Ambrosio},
	editor = {Filipe, J and Maciaszek, L}
}
@conference { ISI:000380439700114,
	title = {Systematic Mapping Study of Missing Values Techniques in Software Engineering Data},
	booktitle = {2015 16TH IEEE/ACIS INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, NETWORKING AND PARALLEL/DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING (SNPD)},
	year = {2015},
	note = {16th IEEE/ACIS International Conference on Software Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Networking and Parallel/Distributed Computing (SNPD), Takamatsu, JAPAN, JUN 01-03, 2015},
	pages = {671-678},
	publisher = {IEEE; ACIS},
	organization = {IEEE; ACIS},
	abstract = {Missing Values (MV) present a serious problem facing research in software engineering (SE) which is mainly based on statistical and/or data mining analysis of SE data. The simple method of dealing with MV is to ignore data with missing observations. This leads to losing valuable information and then obtaining biased results. Therefore, various techniques have been developed to deal adequately with MV, especially those based on imputation methods. In this paper, a systematic mapping study was carried out to summarize the existing techniques dealing with MV in SE datasets and to classify the selected studies according to six classification criteria: research type, research approach, MV technique, MV type, data types and MV objective. Publication channels and trends were also identified. As results, 35 papers concerning MV treatments of SE data were selected. This study shows an increasing interest in machine learning (ML) techniques especially the K-nearest neighbor algorithm (KNN) to deal with MV in SE datasets and found that most of the MV techniques are used to serve software development effort estimation techniques.},
	isbn = {978-1-4799-8676-7},
	author = {Idri, Ali and Abnane, Ibtissam and Abran, Alain},
	editor = {Saisho, K}
}
@conference { ISI:000380409500005,
	title = {A Theoretical E-government Portals{\textquoteright} Benchmarking Framework},
	booktitle = {2015 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS: THEORIES AND APPLICATIONS (SITA)},
	year = {2015},
	note = {10th International Conference on Intelligent Systems - Theories and Applications (SITA), ENSIAS, Rabat, MOROCCO, OCT 20-21, 2015},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	abstract = {E-government benchmarking is the process of ranking e-government according to some agreed best practices. It can be used not only to benchmark but also to assess achievements and identify missing best practices for stakeholders. The purpose of this paper is to propose guidelines to build a new benchmarking framework for e-government portals. This framework is based on measurement of best practices using a best practice model. For this purpose, we have first identified and presented five examples of the benchmarking frameworks available in the literature. Based on the conducted comparison, the findings show that although the benchmarking frameworks are serving their intended purposes, they still suffer from some limitations. The paper also explains how the new framework overcomes these limitations.},
	isbn = {978-1-5090-0220-7},
	author = {Fath-Allah, Abdoullah and Cheikhi, Laila and Al-Qutaish, Rafa E. and Idri, Ali}
}
@conference { ISI:000380409500004,
	title = {User profile model: a user dimension based classification},
	booktitle = {2015 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS: THEORIES AND APPLICATIONS (SITA)},
	year = {2015},
	note = {10th International Conference on Intelligent Systems - Theories and Applications (SITA), ENSIAS, Rabat, MOROCCO, OCT 20-21, 2015},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	abstract = {As the amount of information offered by information systems is increasing exponentially, the need of personalized approaches for information access increases. This work discusses user profiles designed for providing personalized information access. We first present a general classification of research directions on adaptive systems, followed by a state-of-the-art study about user profiling. We propose then a new classification approach of user profile model. This classification is based on the user dimensions considered to build the user profile.},
	isbn = {978-1-5090-0220-7},
	author = {Ouaftouh, Sara and Zellou, Ahmed and Idri, Ali}
}
@conference { ISI:000350044701087,
	title = {Electronic Health Records for Cardiovascular Medicine},
	booktitle = {2014 36TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY (EMBC)},
	series = {IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Conference Proceedings},
	year = {2014},
	note = {36th Annual International Conference of the IEEE-Engineering-in-Medicine-and-Biology-Society (EMBC), Chicago, IL, AUG 26-30, 2014},
	pages = {1354-1357},
	publisher = {IEEE Engn Medicine \& Biol Soc},
	organization = {IEEE Engn Medicine \& Biol Soc},
	abstract = {Nowadays, many cardiology health care centers and hospitals adopt new technologies to improve interaction with their patients. The Electronic Health Records (EHR) offer health care centers and institutions the possibility to improve the management of their patients{\textquoteright} health data. Currently, many physicians are using EHRs to improve health care quality and efficiency. A large number of companies have emerged to provide hospitals with the opportunity to adopt EHRs within a health care platform proposing different functionalities and services which achieve certain certification criteria. This paper identifies the current list of certified EHRs for cardiovascular medicine and assesses the specifications of the EHRs selected. The result of this paper may assist EHR seekers for cardiovascular medicine in their tasks.},
	isbn = {978-1-4244-7929-0},
	issn = {1557-170X},
	author = {Ouhbi, Sofia and Idri, Ali and Fernandez-Aleman, Jose Luis and Toval, Ambrosio and Benjelloun, Halima}
}
@conference { ISI:000380387700011,
	title = {Extraction of relational schema from deep web sources: a form driven approach},
	booktitle = {2014 SECOND WORLD CONFERENCE ON COMPLEX SYSTEMS (WCCS)},
	year = {2014},
	note = {2014 Second World Conference on Complex Systems (WCCS), Agadir, MOROCCO, NOV 10-12, 2014},
	pages = {178-182},
	publisher = {Ibn Zohr Univ; Moroccan Soc of Complex Syst; IEEE Morocco; Int Acad for Syst and Cybernet Sci IASCYS},
	organization = {Ibn Zohr Univ; Moroccan Soc of Complex Syst; IEEE Morocco; Int Acad for Syst and Cybernet Sci IASCYS},
	abstract = {The deep web is the biggest unexplored part of the web and we need to access directly to its entire data web sources without using any crawling or surfacing method. For this, we choose to use a virtual web integration system. However, the deep web virtual integration methods existing today, focuses only on the integration of the query interfaces giving access to the deep web. These query interfaces are integrated to build a global query interface able to query all the deep web sources. The objective of our work is to propose another vision of a deep web virtual integration system that uses a mediated schema built with a relational schema describing each deep web source. This paper proposes our approach to extract a relational schema describing a deep web source. The key idea underlying our approach is to analyze two structured information: the HTML Form and the HTML Table extracted from the deep web source to discover its data structure and to allow us to build a relational schema describing it. We use also a knowledge table to take profit of our learning experience on extracting relational schema from deep web source.},
	isbn = {978-1-4799-4647-1},
	author = {Saissi, Yasser and Zellou, Ahmed and Idri, Ali}
}
@conference { ISI:000346142800013,
	title = {Form driven web source integration},
	booktitle = {2014 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS: THEORIES AND APPLICATIONS (SITA{\textquoteright}14)},
	year = {2014},
	note = {9th International Conference on Intelligent Systems - Theories and Applications (SITA), Inst Natl Postes \& Telecommunicat, Rabat, MOROCCO, MAY 07-08, 2014},
	publisher = {IEEE; IEEE Morocco},
	organization = {IEEE; IEEE Morocco},
	abstract = {The web sources contain a huge amount of data that we need to integrate and to use. The integration of the web source requires to know its source description. In general, the web sources contain a structured data like HTML form and HTML table. This paper proposes our approach to extract a relational schema, describing the web source, and using its structured information. The key idea underlying our approach is to extract the relational data structure of the HTML forms contained in the web source. And thanks to the features of the HTML form, the relational data structure extracted will not only describe the HTML form but also the web source associated. After, we propose to query the HTML forms extracted to generate interesting HTML table results. The data structure of the resulting HTML tables will be used to enhance the relational data structure of the associated HTML form. Finally, with all the relational data structure extracted from all the HTML forms and HTML tables, we build the relational schema describing the associated web source.},
	isbn = {978-1-4799-3566-6},
	author = {Saissi, Yasser and Zellou, Ahmed and Idri, Ali}
}
@conference { ISI:000380387700081,
	title = {A Learning Adaptation Cases Technique for Fuzzy Analogy-based Software Development Effort Estimation},
	booktitle = {2014 SECOND WORLD CONFERENCE ON COMPLEX SYSTEMS (WCCS)},
	year = {2014},
	note = {2014 Second World Conference on Complex Systems (WCCS), Agadir, MOROCCO, NOV 10-12, 2014},
	pages = {492-497},
	publisher = {Ibn Zohr Univ; Moroccan Soc of Complex Syst; IEEE Morocco; Int Acad for Syst and Cybernet Sci IASCYS},
	organization = {Ibn Zohr Univ; Moroccan Soc of Complex Syst; IEEE Morocco; Int Acad for Syst and Cybernet Sci IASCYS},
	abstract = {the aim of this paper is to enhance the Fuzzy Analogy technique for software effort development estimation. Fuzzy Analogy selects the similar projects that will be used in the adaptation step according to the definition of the qualification {\textquoteleft}closely similar{\textquoteright}. The adopted definition consider two projects as closely similar if their similarity is in the vicinity of 1. The qualification {\textquoteleft}closely similar{\textquoteright} is represented by a fuzzy set defined by a fixed threshold which is obtained experimentally from the environment. However, in many cases the available empirical knowledge may not allow estimators to fit the adequate fuzzy representation of the qualification {\textquoteleft}closely similar{\textquoteright}. In this study, we propose an approach to learn this fuzzy representation from the similarities obtained in the retrieval step of the Fuzzy Analogy technique. The proposed method provides for each new project, an adequate threshold by using the quasi-arithmetic mean operators. Indeed, the quasi-arithmetic means operators use weighted similarities to calculate the threshold that often ensures the selection of the closest projects in the adaptation step. This paper also presents an empirical validation of the proposed approach based on the COCOMO{\textquoteright} 81 dataset.},
	isbn = {978-1-4799-4647-1},
	author = {Ezghari, Soufiane and Zahi, Azeddine and Idri, Ali}
}
@article { ISI:000339111400013,
	title = {Mobile PHRs Compliance with Android and iOS Usability Guidelines},
	journal = {JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SYSTEMS},
	volume = {38},
	number = {8},
	year = {2014},
	month = {AUG},
	abstract = {Mobile Personal Health Records (PHRs) have achieved a particularly strong market share since the appearance of more powerful mobile devices and popular worldwide mobile application markets such as Apple{\textquoteright}s App Store and Android{\textquoteright}s Google Play. However, Android and Apple have a set of recommendations on design and usability targeted towards developers who wish to publish apps in their stores: Android Design Guidelines and iOS Human Interface Guidelines. This paper aims to evaluate compliance with these guidelines by assessing the usability recommendations of a set of 24 selected mobile PHR applications. An analysis process based on a well-known Systematic Literature Review (SLR) protocol was used. The results show that the 24 mobile PHR applications studied are not suitably structured. 46 \% of these applications do not use any of the recommended patterns, using instead lists or springboards, which are deprecated patterns for top-level menus. 70 \% of the PHRs require a registration to be able to test the application when these interactions should be delayed. Our study will help both PHR users to select user-friendly mobile PHRs and PHR providers and developers to identify the good usability practices implemented by the applications with the highest scores.},
	issn = {0148-5598},
	doi = {10.1007/s10916-014-0081-6},
	author = {Cruz Zapata, Belen and Hernandez Ninirola, Antonio and Idri, Ali and Luis Fernandez-Aleman, Jose and Toval, Ambrosio}
}
@conference { ISI:000380387700028,
	title = {Using ISO 9126 with QoS DiffServ Model for Evaluating Software Quality in Mobile Environments},
	booktitle = {2014 SECOND WORLD CONFERENCE ON COMPLEX SYSTEMS (WCCS)},
	year = {2014},
	note = {2014 Second World Conference on Complex Systems (WCCS), Agadir, MOROCCO, NOV 10-12, 2014},
	pages = {134-139},
	publisher = {Ibn Zohr Univ; Moroccan Soc of Complex Syst; IEEE Morocco; Int Acad for Syst and Cybernet Sci IASCYS},
	organization = {Ibn Zohr Univ; Moroccan Soc of Complex Syst; IEEE Morocco; Int Acad for Syst and Cybernet Sci IASCYS},
	abstract = {Evaluation of software quality in mobile environments is a subject of active research and is a difficult task. This is caused by dynamic characteristics of mobile networks and the limited resources of mobile devices. This paper presents a study to help quality managers and evaluators using the ISO 9126 software quality standard, with the DiffServ QoS model to evaluate product quality in mobile environments. The effects of mobile technologies limitations are analyzed for each QoS parameter and for each Diffserv class. As a result of this study, the reliability and the efficiency are the software product quality characteristics, the most correlated with Diffserv classes in terms of influence of the mobile environment limitations. It is caused by the fact that these characteristics are dependent on the software runtime environment and the Diffserv QoS model focuses on the quality at the network level, unlike the ISO 9126 standard that applies to the application level.},
	isbn = {978-1-4799-4647-1},
	author = {Moumane, Karima and Idri, Ali}
}
@conference { ISI:000332960400032,
	title = {The hybrid integration system Towards a new approach for creating candidate views for materialization},
	booktitle = {2013 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER SCIENCE AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (CSIT)},
	series = {International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology},
	year = {2013},
	note = {5th International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology (CSIT), Appl Sci Private Univ, Amman, JORDAN, MAR 27-28, 2013},
	pages = {201-209},
	publisher = {Appl Sci Private Univ, Fac Informat Technol},
	organization = {Appl Sci Private Univ, Fac Informat Technol},
	abstract = {The vulgarization of information technologies and telecommunications has generated an enormous amount of information. This information is generally heterogeneous, stored in autonomous and distributed sources. Thus, it becomes necessary to introduce the information integration systems. These systems must ensure an optimal query response time, and the freshness of data. Using a virtual approach cannot answer these questions. On the one hand, the query response time is very important. Indeed, the mediator must access, every time, to the sources for load the relevant information. On the other hand, the sources are not always available. The establishment of a hybrid integration system, where a portion of information is materialized in the mediator and the other portion remains in the sources and are extracted at query time, is an effective solution to these problem, provided that the materialized part has carefully chosen. Based on the distribution of user queries, we present in this paper an approach to select the information most requested by users and organize it as candidate views for materialization in the mediator.},
	isbn = {978-1-4673-5825-5},
	issn = {2381-3458},
	author = {Anter, Samir and Zellou, Ahmed and Idri, Ali}
}
@conference { ISI:000350287800039,
	title = {A New Approach of Mapping},
	booktitle = {2013 3RD INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ISKO-MAGHREB},
	year = {2013},
	note = {ISKO-Maghreb 3rd International Symposium, Marrakech, MOROCCO, NOV 08-09, 2013},
	publisher = {ISKO},
	organization = {ISKO},
	abstract = {Data integration involves combining data residing in different sources, and providing the user a unified view of this data. The problem of designing data integration systems is important in current applications of the real world, and the question which arises at the mapping is how to link the global schema and the set of local schemas of sources. In this paper, we present our approach of mapping for mediation systems, a new approach that focuses on two main aspects, the syntactic aspect that takes into account the structure and shape of the elements of schemas, and semantic aspect related to the meaning of the elements of schemas.},
	isbn = {978-1-4799-3392-1},
	author = {El Yazidi, Moulay Hafid and Zellou, Ahmed and Idri, Ali}
}
@conference { ISI:000333756100029,
	title = {Software Cost Estimation by Classical and Fuzzy Analogy for Web Hypermedia Applications: A replicated study},
	booktitle = {2013 IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND DATA MINING (CIDM)},
	year = {2013},
	note = {IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence and Data Mining (CIDM), Singapore, SINGAPORE, APR 16-19, 2013},
	pages = {207-213},
	publisher = {IEEE; IEEE Computat Intelligence Soc},
	organization = {IEEE; IEEE Computat Intelligence Soc},
	abstract = {The aim of this paper is to evaluate and to compare the Classical Analogy and Fuzzy Analogy for software cost estimation on a Web software dataset. Hence, the paper aims to replicate the results of our precedent experiments on this dataset. Moreover, questions regarding the estimates accuracy, the tolerance of imprecision and uncertainty of cost drivers, and the favorable context to use estimation by analogy are discussed. This study approved the usefulness of Fuzzy Analogy for software cost estimation.},
	isbn = {978-1-4673-5895-8},
	author = {Idri, Ali and Zahi, Azeddine}
}
@conference { ISI:000358736600029,
	title = {Software Quality Requirements: a systematic mapping study},
	booktitle = {2013 20TH ASIA-PACIFIC SOFTWARE ENGINEERING CONFERENCE (APSEC 2013), VOL 1},
	series = {Asia-Pacific Software Engineering Conference},
	year = {2013},
	note = {20th Asia-Pacific Software Engineering Conference (APSEC), Chulalongkorn Univ, Fac Engn, Dept Comp Engn, Bangkok, THAILAND, DEC 02-05, 2013},
	pages = {231-238},
	publisher = {Prov Elect Author; Metropolitan Elect Author; Thailand Convent \& Exhibit Bur; IEEE Comp Soc},
	organization = {Prov Elect Author; Metropolitan Elect Author; Thailand Convent \& Exhibit Bur; IEEE Comp Soc},
	abstract = {Software quality requirements (SQR) play a central role in software quality (SQ) success. The importance of mastering SQR can be seen as obvious; however, when it comes to customer satisfaction, end-users are often dissatisfied with SQ. In this paper, a systematic mapping study aims to summarize SQR research by answering nine mapping questions. In total, 51 articles were selected and classified according to multiple criteria: publication source, publication year, research type, research approach, contribution type of SQR literature, requirements engineering activity, well-known SQ model, software artifact and SQR type. The results show an increased interest in SQR research in recent years and reveal that conferences are the main SQR publication target. Most SQR research has used case studies. The dominant contribution type of SQR research is method while specification is the main requirements engineering activity identified. SQ models need to be more used for SQR identification. Design module and requirements documentation are the principal artifacts reported in SQR literature. External and internal SQR were the main SQR types addressed in literature. Identifying empirical solutions to address SQR is a promising research direction for researchers.},
	isbn = {978-1-4799-2143-0},
	issn = {1530-1362},
	doi = {10.1109/APSEC.2013.40},
	author = {Ouhbi, Sofia and Idri, Ali and Luis Fernandez-Aleman, Jose and Toval, Ambrosio},
	editor = {Muenchaisri, P and Rothermel, G}
}
@conference { ISI:000332960400023,
	title = {Towards a Dynamic Mapping in P2P Mediation system},
	booktitle = {2013 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER SCIENCE AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (CSIT)},
	series = {International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology},
	year = {2013},
	note = {5th International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology (CSIT), Appl Sci Private Univ, Amman, JORDAN, MAR 27-28, 2013},
	pages = {134-141},
	publisher = {Appl Sci Private Univ, Fac Informat Technol},
	organization = {Appl Sci Private Univ, Fac Informat Technol},
	abstract = {The data sources integration, disseminated on a network is a major preoccupation in many sectors. Problems due to share and to integrate information Interests a lot of researcher{\textquoteright}s communities since last years. Works were carried to develop tools and techniques for transparent access to data sources available in a network. In this context, two types of integration systems are distinguished: the virtual integration based on mediation systems and the integration based on Peer to Peer systems (P2P). In this paper, we are interested to the correspondence discovery problem, or Mappings, between global schema in a third type of architecture such as the mediation systems based on P2P architecture.},
	isbn = {978-1-4673-5825-5},
	issn = {2381-3458},
	author = {El Idrissi, Selma El Yahyaoui and Zellou, Ahmed and Idri, Ali}
}
@conference { ISI:000358736600001,
	title = {On the Use of Software Quality Standard ISO/IEC9126 in Mobile Environments},
	booktitle = {2013 20TH ASIA-PACIFIC SOFTWARE ENGINEERING CONFERENCE (APSEC 2013), VOL 1},
	series = {Asia-Pacific Software Engineering Conference},
	year = {2013},
	note = {20th Asia-Pacific Software Engineering Conference (APSEC), Chulalongkorn Univ, Fac Engn, Dept Comp Engn, Bangkok, THAILAND, DEC 02-05, 2013},
	pages = {1-8},
	publisher = {Prov Elect Author; Metropolitan Elect Author; Thailand Convent \& Exhibit Bur; IEEE Comp Soc},
	organization = {Prov Elect Author; Metropolitan Elect Author; Thailand Convent \& Exhibit Bur; IEEE Comp Soc},
	abstract = {The capabilities and resources offered by mobile technologies are still far from those provided by fixed environments, and this poses serious challenges, in terms of evaluating the quality of applications operating in mobile environments. This article presents a study to help quality managers apply the ISO 9126 standard on software quality, particularly the External Quality model, to mobile environments. The influence of the limitations of mobile technologies are evaluated for each software quality characteristic, based on the coverage rates of its external metrics, which are themselves influenced by these limitations. The degrees of this influence are discussed and aggregated to provide useful recommendations to quality managers for their evaluation of quality characteristics in mobile environments. These recommendations are intended for mobile software in general and aren{\textquoteright}t targeted a specific ones. The External Quality model is especially valuable for assessing the Reliability, Usability, and Efficiency characteristics, and illustrates very well the conclusive nature of the recommendations of this study. However, more study is needed on the other quality characteristics, in order to determine the relevance of evaluating them in mobile environments.},
	isbn = {978-1-4799-2143-0},
	issn = {1530-1362},
	doi = {10.1109/APSEC.2013.12},
	author = {Idri, Ali and Moumane, Karima and Abran, Alain},
	editor = {Muenchaisri, P and Rothermel, G}
}
@conference { ISI:000324984400037,
	title = {Personalization of a hybrid integration system Creation of views to materialize based on the distribution of user queries},
	booktitle = {PROCEEDINGS OF 2012 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPLEX SYSTEMS (ICCS12)},
	year = {2012},
	note = {1st International Conference on Complex Systems (ICCS), Agadir, MOROCCO, NOV 05-06, 2012},
	pages = {224-230},
	abstract = {The hybrid mediator is an integration system where one part of data is queried on demand as in the virtual approach, while another part is extracted, filtered and stored in a local database. The selection of data to be stored in the mediator (to materialize) is an essential task. Different selection criteria were proposed to select among a set of candidate views, ones that will be materialized. However, the approaches proposed with regard to the creation of these views are rare. This paper presents a data materialization approach, in the scope of a hybrid integration system. This approach creates candidate views for materialization based on the previous user queries, and then decides which among them should be selected for materialization. Guided by the technique of clustering-merging, it is organized into two steps: (1) from the distribution of previous user queries, are extracted all data most queried by users. The obtained data are classified as candidate views for materialization. (2) then selecting which views to materialize among all the candidate views created in the first step.},
	isbn = {978-1-4673-4766-2},
	author = {Anter, Samir and Zellou, Ahmed and Idri, Ali},
	editor = {Essaaidi, M and Nemiche, M}
}
@conference { ISI:000338165600142,
	title = {SOFTWARE COST ESTIMATION BY FUZZY ANALOGY FOR ISBSG REPOSITORY},
	booktitle = {UNCERTAINTY MODELING IN KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING AND DECISION MAKING},
	series = {World Scientific Proceedings Series on Computer Engineering and Information Science},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2012},
	note = {10th International Conference on Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Technologies in Nuclear Science (FLINS), Istanbul, TURKEY, AUG 26-29, 2012},
	pages = {863-868},
	publisher = {Istanbul Tech Univ; Bahcesehir Univ; Belgian Nucl Res Ctr; Ghent Univ},
	organization = {Istanbul Tech Univ; Bahcesehir Univ; Belgian Nucl Res Ctr; Ghent Univ},
	abstract = {Software cost estimation is one of the most important and complex tasks in software project management. As a result, several techniques for estimating development effort have been suggested. Fuzzy Analogy is one of these techniques suggested to estimate project effort when it is described either by linguistic or numerical values. Based on reasoning by analogy and fuzzy logic, this technique uses fuzzy representation of software project attributes by using expert knowledge or clustering techniques. From this work, we evaluate the accuracy of this approach to estimate the software effort using the International Software Benchmarking Standards Group (ISBSG) repository.},
	isbn = {978-981-4417-73-0},
	author = {Idri, Ali and Amazal, Fatima Azzahra},
	editor = {Kahraman, C and Kerre, EE and Bozbura, FT}
}
@article {7391589120120201,
	title = {Software Productivity: Harmonization in ISO/IEEE Software Engineering Standards.},
	journal = {Journal of Software (1796217X)},
	volume = {7},
	number = {2},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {462 - 470},
	abstract = {The software productivity is an important key of software quality factors. The productivity measure has become a tool for managers since it is used to compare the performance between different companies (benchmarking) and to compare the efficiency of different developers in the same company. Therefore, it allows doing strategic planning and decision making based on such measurement. A variety of international standardization bodies such as IEEE and ISO as well as software engineering researchers have proposed a set of factors which influence the software productivity attribute, and also a set of measures to evaluate it. However, there is no unique model that integrates all the software productivity best practices. The aim of this paper is to survey the available international standards and research work on software productivity and figure out the key differences in order to propose a standards-based model. Such model will include the set of quality attributes that could be used to ref},
	keywords = {Benchmark problems (Computer science), Computer programmers, Decision making, IEEE 802.11 (Standard), IEEE Std. 1045, International Organization for Standardization, ISO 9126, Measurement, Measurements, Productivity Drivers, Quality Attributes, Quality Models, Software Developers Productivity, Standards},
	issn = {1796217X},
	url = {http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true\&db=iih\&AN=73915891\&site=ehost-live},
	author = {Cheikhi, Laila and Al-Qutaish, Rafa E. and Idri, Ali}
}
@conference { ISI:000324984400020,
	title = {Towards a Fuzzy Mapping for Mediation Systems},
	booktitle = {PROCEEDINGS OF 2012 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPLEX SYSTEMS (ICCS12)},
	year = {2012},
	note = {1st International Conference on Complex Systems (ICCS), Agadir, MOROCCO, NOV 05-06, 2012},
	pages = {122-125},
	abstract = {Data integration involves combining data residing at different sources, and providing to the user a unified and global view of this data. The problem of designing data integration systems is important in current applications of real world, especially for mapping between attributes of global schema and those of local schemas of sources. The question is how to link the global schema and the set of local schemas of sources. In this paper, we focus on studying the mapping approaches, more precisely the Global As View GAV approach (GAV) for schemas mapping. Also, we present a new approach of mapping for mediation systems, based on fuzzy logic. This new approach enjoys the benefits and advantages of fuzzy sets theory.},
	isbn = {978-1-4673-4766-2},
	author = {El Yazidi, Moulay Hafid and Zellou, Ahmed and Idri, Ali},
	editor = {Essaaidi, M and Nemiche, M}
}
@conference { ISI:000261578000113,
	title = {Functional Equivalence between Radial Basis Function Neural Networks and Fuzzy Analogy in Software Cost Estimation},
	booktitle = {2008 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES: FROM THEORY TO APPLICATIONS, VOLS 1-5},
	year = {2008},
	note = {3rd International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies, Damascus, SYRIA, APR 07-11, 2008},
	pages = {615+},
	abstract = {We show in this paper the equivalence between the radial basis function networks and Fuzzy analogy in the field of software cost estimation. We prove that under weak conditions, the three layers of RBFN are functionally equivalent to the three steps of fuzzy analogy. This functional equivalence implies that advances in each literature, such new learning rules or new similarity measures, can be applied to both models directly. Furthermore, this equivalence can help us to provide a natural interpretation of cost estimation models based on RBFN.},
	isbn = {978-1-4244-1751-3},
	author = {Idri, Ali and Zakrani, Abdelali and Abran, Alain}
}
@conference { ISI:000259298600002,
	title = {Software cost estimation models using Radial Basis Function Neural Networks},
	booktitle = {SOFTWARE PROCESS AND PRODUCT MEASUREMENT},
	series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
	volume = {4895},
	year = {2008},
	note = {Joint Meeting of the International Workshop on Software Measurement (IWSM)/International Conference on Software Process and Product Measurement (MENSURA), Palma de Mallorca, SPAIN, NOV 05-07, 2007},
	pages = {21+},
	abstract = {Radial Basis Function Neural Networks (RBFN) have been recently studied due to their qualification as an universal function approximation. This paper investigates the use of RBF neural networks for software cost estimation, The focus of this study is on the design of these networks, especially their middle layer composed of receptive fields, using two clustering techniques: the C-means and the APC-III algorithms. A comparison between a RBFN using C-means and a RBFN using APC-III, in terms of estimates accuracy, is hence presented. This study uses the COCOMO{\textquoteright}81 dataset and data on Web applications from the Tukutuku database.},
	isbn = {978-3-540-85552-1},
	issn = {0302-9743},
	author = {Idri, Ali and Zahi, Azeddine and Mendes, Emilia and Zakrani, Abdelali},
	editor = {CuadradoGallego, JJ and Braungarten, R and Dumke, RR and Abran, A}
}
@conference { ISI:000255983000005,
	title = {Fuzzy radial basis function neural networks for web applications cost estimation},
	booktitle = {2007 INNOVATIONS IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES, VOLS 1 AND 2},
	year = {2007},
	note = {4th International Conference on Innovations in Information Technology, Dubai, U ARAB EMIRATES, NOV 18-20, 2007},
	pages = {21+},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	abstract = {The Fuzzy Radial basis function Neural Networks (FRBFN) for software cost estimation is designed by integrating the principles of RBFN and the fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm. The architecture of the network is suitably modified at the hidden layer to realise a novel neural implementation of the fuzzy clustering algorithm. Fuzzy set-theoretic concepts are incorporated at the hidden layer, enabling the model to handle uncertain and imprecise data, which can improve greatly the accuracy of obtained estimates. MMRE and Pred are used as measures of prediction accuracy for this comparative study. The results show that an RBFN using fuzzy C-means performs better than an RBFN using hard C-means. This study uses data on web applications from the Tukutuku database.},
	isbn = {978-1-4244-1840-4},
	author = {Idri, Ali and Zakrani, Abdelali and Elkoutbi, Mohamed and Abran, Alain}
}
