@article {Daoudi2022505,
	title = {Adaptive Enterprise Architecture: Complexity Metrics in a Mixed Evaluation Method},
	journal = {Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing},
	volume = {455 LNBIP},
	year = {2022},
	note = {cited By 0},
	pages = {505-523},
	abstract = {Classically, enterprises future is intertwined with the needs and demands of society. Nowadays, in addition to those two elements, challenges are becoming more and more numerous and unavoidable. Saying a few, global warming, social responsibilities, Covid 19, digital transformation{\textellipsis} We are living in a new era that is highly volatile and unpredictable. We don{\textquoteright}t have anymore the privilege to choose threats and opportunities that we want to adapt to. In fact adaptation becomes a necessity to survive in this highly competitive and dynamic environment. Factors coming from those challenges externally on top of internal ones can impact various parts of the enterprise in the form of changes. Thus, Adaptive Enterprise Architecture (EA) is leveraged to assist the continuous adaptation to the evolving transformation. On the other hand, one of the criteria of Adaptive EA is the ability to monitor and control the complexity of changes. In this paper, we suggest a mixed approach of EA complexity measurement based on quantitative and qualitative analysis. First, we begin with a recap of the criteria shaping our Adaptive Enterprise Architecture approach and we give an overview of the model that we worked on in previous work. Then we investigate related work about complexity and subjective measurement. Finally, we describe our mixed approach of assessment of complexity and we focus on the calculation of some objective and subjective metrics. {\textcopyright} 2022, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.},
	keywords = {Adaptation, Adaptive enterprise, Complexity, Complexity measurement, Complexity metrics, Dynamic environments, enterprise architecture, Evaluation methods, Global warming, Memory architecture, Mixed approach, Social responsibilities},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-08965-7_26},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85135013677\&doi=10.1007\%2f978-3-031-08965-7_26\&partnerID=40\&md5=0f86e1df30e1a710a67e90c0238de8f1},
	author = {Daoudi, W. and Doumi, K. and Kjiri, L.}
}
@conference {Ettahiri2022714,
	title = {Dynamic Enterprise Architecture planning using case-based reasoning and blockchain},
	booktitle = {Procedia Computer Science},
	volume = {204},
	year = {2022},
	note = {cited By 0},
	pages = {714-721},
	abstract = {Nowadays, Enterprises are aware that the only existing certainty, is a future of great uncertainty (Allen Paulos). Therefore, the potential drivers of change should be detected and the solutions or path to solutions should be prepared in advance. In our work we adopt, the concept of Enterprise architecture, as the tool ensuring the alignment strategy//business//IT. So, to implement any change, we propose using CBR for case-based reasoning to store a set of problems with their solutions, and then to use algorithms of similarity and adaptation to propose the most adapted solution to the problem. Our goal in this paper is to maximize experiences and enrich the knowledge base so that the reasoning mechanism and similarity process is as reliable as possible. Thus, we suggest, a sharing of knowledge bases between allied or contracted companies or subsidiaries. (Example national strategy to be implemented regionally on a case-by-case basis) to ensure reliable sharing, we suggest the use of blockchain technology. {\textcopyright} 2022 Elsevier B.V.. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Block-chain, Blockchain, Business-IT, Case based reasoning, Casebased reasonings (CBR), Dynamic aspects, EA planning, enterprise architecture, Enterprise architecture planning, Enterprise IS, Knowledge based systems, Memory architecture, Nearest-neighbor algorithms, Uncertainty},
	doi = {10.1016/j.procs.2022.08.086},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85142888032\&doi=10.1016\%2fj.procs.2022.08.086\&partnerID=40\&md5=86f11d0e65286d500617f34193f7c127},
	author = {Ettahiri, I. and Doumi, K.}
}
@conference {ElIdrissi2022,
	title = {On The Formalization of The TOGAF Content MetaModel Using Ontologies},
	booktitle = {2022 International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Computer Vision, ISCV 2022},
	year = {2022},
	note = {cited By 0},
	abstract = {Ontology, when well designed, provides a semantic model that facilitates human interpretation of models and reduces their ambiguity and complexity. A formal-based standards ontology can be processed automatically by computer programs, providing several benefits such as automatic knowledge discovery and inference, inconsistency detection, and interoperability. Several frameworks have been developed to control the complexity of the enterprise architecture. This paper focuses on the TOGAF framework and precisely on its content metamodel. It analyses and discusses the reported approaches to its formalization using ontologies. Additionally, it proposes some possible future directions to improve this work and enhance its adoption by the industrial world and academic communities. {\textcopyright} 2022 IEEE.},
	keywords = {Automatic knowledge discoveries, enterprise architecture, formalisation, Inconsistency detection, Interpretation of models, Meta model, Ontology, Ontology{\textquoteright}s, Semantic modelling, Semantic Web, Semantic-Web, Togaf framework},
	doi = {10.1109/ISCV54655.2022.9806063},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85134300854\&doi=10.1109\%2fISCV54655.2022.9806063\&partnerID=40\&md5=6066972d0de16301bf7195b5ec177385},
	author = {El Idrissi, B. and Tetou, C. and Doumi, K.}
}
@conference {Ettahiri2022553,
	title = {A New Approach for a Dynamic Enterprise Architecture Model using Ontology and Case-based Reasoning},
	booktitle = {International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems, ICEIS - Proceedings},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2022},
	note = {cited By 0},
	pages = {553-560},
	abstract = {To meet the demands of a dynamic and constantly changing environment, (DRP) Disaster Recovery Plans, (BCP) Business Continuity Plans, change management, agile activities, and best practice guides are developed with the ultimate objective of providing enterprises with the tools to deal with change rapidly and flexibly. Starting from the premise that Enterprise architecture remains the instrument ensuring this alignment Strategy//business//IT, dynamic aspects should be present in the EA representation but also should be perceived in the reaction of enterprises managing the change. On the other hand, ontologies offer a formal and a shared representation of the domain studied; EA in our case. Once formalized, the representation became computable so, all the EA reactions became dynamic towards the triggers of change. To benefit from the previous experiences, Case-based reasoning is introduced in our approach allowing a problem resolution via similarity and adaptation of knowledge to the current context. Copyright {\textcopyright} 2022 by SCITEPRESS {\textendash} Science and Technology Publications, Lda. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Business continuity plans, Case based reasoning, Casebased reasonings (CBR), Changing environment, Disaster recovery plan, enterprise architecture, Enterprise architecture modeling, Enterprise ontology, Memory architecture, New approaches, Ontology, Ontology{\textquoteright}s, Ontology-based},
	doi = {10.5220/0011079400003179},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85140894102\&doi=10.5220\%2f0011079400003179\&partnerID=40\&md5=2fb612722e5a4402ee65bad0c47bf383},
	author = {Ettahiri, I. and Doumi, K. and Falih, N.}
}
@conference {Daoudi2021759,
	title = {Complexity and Adaptive Enterprise Architecture},
	booktitle = {International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems, ICEIS - Proceedings},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2021},
	note = {cited By 1},
	pages = {759-767},
	abstract = {In the current VUCA (Volatility, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity) environment, enterprises are facing constant threats and opportunities due to internal and external factors. Those factors can impact various parts of the enterprise in the form of changes. Thus, Adaptive Enterprise Architecture (EA) is leveraged to assist the continuous adaptation to the evolving transformation. On the other hand, the complexity has been identified as one of the major challenges of the discipline of Enterprise Architecture. Moreover, one of the criteria of Adaptive EA is the ability to monitor and control the complexity of changes. Consequently, in this paper, we suggest a conceptualization of EA complexity measurement drilled down into factors and indicators. First, we begin with a brief summary of the criteria that we consider compulsory for Adaptive Enterprise Architecture and we give an overview of the model that we worked on in previous work. Then we investigate related work about complexity in a broader view. Finally, we describe our approach of assessment of complexity based on the proposed indicators. Copyright {\textcopyright} 2021 by SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, Lda.},
	keywords = {{\textquoteright}current, Adaptation, Adaptive enterprise, Complexity, Dynamic environments, enterprise architecture, Enterprise IS, Information systems, Information use, Internal and external factors, Monitor and control, Volatility uncertainties},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85135024780\&partnerID=40\&md5=2aaf626491ca37f943bcb904a81c8e4f},
	author = {Daoudi, W. and Doumi, K. and Kjiri, L.}
}
@conference {Daoudi2020,
	title = {Adaptive Enterprise Architecture: Towards a model},
	booktitle = {ACM International Conference Proceeding Series},
	year = {2020},
	note = {cited By 0},
	abstract = {Nowadays, enterprises are facing many changes due to digital transformation. So, they have to deal with new requirements that impact various parts of their Enterprise Architecture. To address the needs created by this new digital era, agility and adaptation are compulsory. Though Enterprise Architecture (EA) was designed as a catalyst for change management, traditional Enterprise Architecture approaches do not rely on well-defined concepts, lack agility and are constrained by layered architecture (business layer, functional layer, deployment layer, etc.). Thus, a new generation of EA, allowing continuous self-improvement and proactive adaptation to better match the new conditions, is required. In this paper, we highlighted some criteria, regarding the adaptation of EA and exploited them to show the limitations of the EA approaches analyzed. Then, we presented agile methods principles and discussed the mapping between them and the criteria that we proposed before. Finally, we proposed a simplified model based on Scrum for adaptive enterprise architecture. {\textcopyright} 2020 ACM.},
	keywords = {Adaptive enterprise, Change management, Digital transformation, enterprise architecture, Functional layer, Information systems, Information use, Layered architecture, Model-based OPC, Proactive adaptations},
	doi = {10.1145/3447568.3448539},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85103625235\&doi=10.1145\%2f3447568.3448539\&partnerID=40\&md5=4f7441d9a2cb09a9ffc18c39755d4958},
	author = {Daoudi, W. and Doumi, K. and Kjiri, L.}
}
@conference {Imgharene2020662,
	title = {Agility metrics model for Business IT Alignment},
	booktitle = {7th International Conference on Control, Decision and Information Technologies, CoDIT 2020},
	year = {2020},
	note = {cited By 1},
	pages = {662-667},
	abstract = {Enterprises are facing rapid and radical changes in a turbulent environment. This turbulence requires companies to be agile, i.e. to keep an overview of their environment and to be ready to react. Alignment Businesses IT is constantly being affected if levels of abstraction are affected by the change. The changes in companies must necessarily be accompanied by a (re)alignment of Business IT. In order to measure the impact of change on Business-IT alignment, this paper reviews the literature on agility metrics in different domains, by filtering them to focus on the context of Business-IT alignment, and then matching the metrics to the model that defines the impact of change on Business-IT alignment. {\textcopyright} 2020 IEEE.},
	keywords = {Alignment, Business - IT alignments, Business-IT, Control engineering, Different domains, Impact of changes, Levels of abstraction, Metrics models, Turbulent environments},
	doi = {10.1109/CoDIT49905.2020.9263839},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85098240037\&doi=10.1109\%2fCoDIT49905.2020.9263839\&partnerID=40\&md5=821e8e127bf8d6c8fed3eb27359a6c73},
	author = {Imgharene, K. and Doumi, K. and Baina, S.}
}
@conference {Daoudi2020738,
	title = {An approach for adaptive enterprise architecture},
	booktitle = {ICEIS 2020 - Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2020},
	note = {cited By 4},
	pages = {738-745},
	abstract = {Given the fast emergence of new technologies and the highly changing business demands, enterprises are confronted with the need to keep up with the evolving transformation. This one is subject to internal and external factors which make it very often in the form of disruptive changes. As a consequence, various parts of companies{\textquoteright} Enterprise Architecture are impacted. To address the new requirements of these increasingly dynamic environments, enterprises need to transition from heavy and document-centred Enterprise Architecture Frameworks to more agile and continuously adaptive approaches. On the other hand, Agile Software Development (ASD) are commonly used methods for IT development. They are mainly characterized by the high involvement of the requester and the rapid accommodation to development needs. This paper presents an Adaptive Enterprise Architecture model that is inspired from some ASD values. Thus, we begin with a brief summary of the criteria that we consider compulsory for Adaptive Enterprise Architecture. Then we present the related work and the connection between agile values and our criteria. Finally, we describe our model and illustrate it via a case study. Copyright {\textcopyright} 2020 by SCITEPRESS {\textendash} Science and Technology Publications, Lda. All rights reserved},
	keywords = {Adaptive approach, Adaptive enterprise, Agile manufacturing systems, Agile software development, Business demands, Development needs, Dynamic environments, enterprise architecture, Information systems, Information use, Internal and external factors, Software design},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85091394601\&partnerID=40\&md5=47480aba028e3e923b145c862859135c},
	author = {Daoudi, W. and Doumi, K. and Kjiri, L.}
}
@article {Doumi20191211,
	title = {Evolution of business it alignment: Gap analysis},
	journal = {Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences},
	volume = {14},
	number = {4},
	year = {2019},
	note = {cited By 0},
	pages = {1211-1218},
	doi = {10.3923/jeasci.2019.1211.1218},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85060996331\&doi=10.3923\%2fjeasci.2019.1211.1218\&partnerID=40\&md5=e65b463344579d9492c2924128317a72},
	author = {Doumi, K.}
}
@conference {Imgharene2018905,
	title = {Continuous Alignment Business IT by factor agility},
	booktitle = {2018 5th International Conference on Control, Decision and Information Technologies, CoDIT 2018},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {905-909},
	doi = {10.1109/CoDIT.2018.8394952},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85050204853\&doi=10.1109\%2fCoDIT.2018.8394952\&partnerID=40\&md5=e1841a28744a82a487258a0972849f18},
	author = {Imgharene, K. and Doumi, K. and Baina, S.}
}
@conference {Imgharene2017233,
	title = {Impact of agility on the business IT alignment},
	booktitle = {BMSD 2017 - Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Business Modeling and Software Design},
	year = {2017},
	note = {cited By 0},
	pages = {233-237},
	abstract = {A strategic alignment with a strictly constant rhythm assumes stability. There are several factors that influence this stability. The strategic alignment must be evolutionary, long-term, and dynamic in spite of those factors. In our case we opted for the agility. Agility has a global impact on the internal and external environment of an organization. Agility concerns the future of the organization/company. It is this concept which became a standard for business models since the rhythm of the change in companies accelerates. The current article reflects this idea, by describing the nature of the relation between the factor of agility and the strategic alignment in the determination of various types of agility. Furthermore, we try to establish in this article if an aligned system can stay so, by transforming the company into an agile one. A transformation on all the levels of abstraction is going to maintain the alignment on the long term and will give an added value, and a way the changes can be detected in reality and be gradually integrated within the framework of the strategic alignment.},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85032965360\&partnerID=40\&md5=34fa0b11e75ce25c1c8b110817e4bb83},
	author = {Imgharene, K. and Doumi, K. and Baina, S.}
}
@article {Doumi201341,
	title = {Strategic business and IT alignment: Representation and evaluation},
	journal = {Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology},
	volume = {47},
	number = {1},
	year = {2013},
	note = {cited By 1},
	pages = {41-52},
	abstract = {Nowadays, business IT alignment has become a priority in most large organization. It is a question of aligning the information system on the business strategies of the organization. This step is aimed at increasing the practical value of the information system and makes it a strategic asset for the organization. Many works showed the importance of documentation, the analysis and the evaluation of business IT alignment, but few proposed solutions applicable to the strategic and functional level. This paper aims has to fill this gap by proposing a simple approach for modeling and evaluate enterprise strategy in the context of strategic alignment. This approach is illustrated by case study of a real project in a Moroccan public administration. {\textcopyright} 2005 - 2013 JATIT \& LLS. All rights reserved.},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84872399122\&partnerID=40\&md5=e21d6bf8d4eafc95c0d36f5a777618e3},
	author = {Doumi, K. and Baina, S. and Baina, K.}
}
@conference {Doumi2011493,
	title = {Business IT alignment: A survey},
	booktitle = {ICEIS 2011 - Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems},
	volume = {4 SAIC},
	number = {HCI/-},
	year = {2011},
	note = {cited By 2},
	pages = {493-499},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84865118286\&partnerID=40\&md5=9330c9b2c9e569fed47526169bd318a3},
	author = {Doumi, K. and Baina, S. and Baina, K.}
}
@article {Doumi2011356,
	title = {Experimenting a modeling approach for modeling enterprise strategy in the context of strategic alignment},
	journal = {Communications in Computer and Information Science},
	volume = {220 CCIS},
	number = {PART 2},
	year = {2011},
	note = {cited By 0},
	pages = {356-368},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-24355-4_36},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80054054156\&doi=10.1007\%2f978-3-642-24355-4_36\&partnerID=40\&md5=85026bfe1d388de68af9bb967863c609},
	author = {Doumi, K. and Baina, S. and Baina, K.}
}
@conference {Doumi2011457,
	title = {Modeling approach for business it alignment},
	booktitle = {ICEIS 2011 - Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems},
	volume = {4 SAIC},
	number = {HCI/-},
	year = {2011},
	note = {cited By 2},
	pages = {457-464},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84865128172\&partnerID=40\&md5=2c6058798444cb39db861db8361fae7f},
	author = {Doumi, K. and Baina, S. and Baina, K.}
}
@article {Doumi2011249,
	title = {Modeling approach using goal modeling and enterprise architecture for business IT alignment},
	journal = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)},
	volume = {6918 LNCS},
	year = {2011},
	note = {cited By 0},
	pages = {249-261},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-24443-8_26},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80054802483\&doi=10.1007\%2f978-3-642-24443-8_26\&partnerID=40\&md5=9a03a0bdb84fdc08fb9db21e66467f80},
	author = {Doumi, K. and Baina, S. and Baina, K.}
}
@article {Doumi2011345,
	title = {Strategic alignment: Comparison of approaches},
	journal = {Communications in Computer and Information Science},
	volume = {220 CCIS},
	number = {PART 2},
	year = {2011},
	note = {cited By 1},
	pages = {345-355},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-24355-4_35},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80054072370\&doi=10.1007\%2f978-3-642-24355-4_35\&partnerID=40\&md5=ecff31b0d65253fbf27c7a3a20d8f462},
	author = {Doumi, K. and Baina, S. and Baina, K.}
}
