@article {Benjbara2022,
	title = {New Multipath OLSR Protocol Version for Heterogeneous Ad Hoc Networks},
	journal = {Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks},
	volume = {11},
	number = {1},
	year = {2022},
	note = {cited By 2},
	abstract = {From a basic refrigerator to a self-driving car, emerging technologies are increasingly involving various facets of our daily lives. These bring together many regularly used devices, each with its own characteristics, to communicate and collaborate within the same system. Computer network experts regard this so-called structure as a heterogeneous network made up of several connected objects that do not speak the same language. Communication is therefore ensured by additional types of nodes, such as gateways or converters. In this case, we can detect an increased complexity and a decreased level of security. And thus, the need to adopt a common slang for these kinds of networks has been brought to life. In this work, we compare two different routing protocols: optimized link-state routing (OLSR) and the multipath heterogeneous ad hoc network OLSR (MHAR-OLSR). The latter is an OLSR extension with new functionalities: nodes identification, paths calculation, paths classification, and paths choice that we designed for heterogeneous ad hoc networks composed of MANET, VANET, and FANET devices; it ensures direct communication between these diverse components. We verify and explain all the elements of our solution using colored Petri nets. We also present a global evaluation of Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), End-To-End Delay, and energy consumption as QoS measures with different numbers of nodes in a heterogeneous scenario. To do this, we use NS-3 and BonnMotion as a tool-set of simulation. Experimental results show improvement in performance when compared to the classical routing protocol. {\textcopyright} 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.},
	doi = {10.3390/jsan11010003},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85123433811\&doi=10.3390\%2fjsan11010003\&partnerID=40\&md5=33b170f6ff565a7280552166245f00f6},
	author = {Benjbara, C. and Habbani, A. and Mouchfiq, N.}
}
@article {Mouchfiq2022128,
	title = {An Overview of~Security in~Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks},
	journal = {Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems},
	volume = {489 LNNS},
	year = {2022},
	note = {cited By 0},
	pages = {128-140},
	abstract = {In recent decades, the importance of security has increased more and more especially in the field of research dealing with the Internet of Things (IoT) and implicitly ad hoc networks since they are part of it, considering they undergo several changes and that following these changes this area is exposed to several risks. Many researchers have shed light on different techniques to ensure the security of this intelligent universe. In this study, we identify the risks to which Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are exposed according to several criteria and metrics. For this purpose, we do bench-marking by carrying out research on the types of attacks that harm VANETs, after that we study the solutions proposed to ensure a high level of security in this type of network and finally we discuss these solutions to find out one that is most adapted to our teamwork and which is based on a relevant and recent technology. {\textcopyright} 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-07969-6_10},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85135087175\&doi=10.1007\%2f978-3-031-07969-6_10\&partnerID=40\&md5=8cad0a611223b0af69336b1e9d2121d2},
	author = {Mouchfiq, N. and Habbani, A. and Benjbara, C. and Berradi, H.}
}
@article {ElMejjatti2022,
	title = {Regression analysis-based identification model of key impactful parameters on buried antennas},
	journal = {International Journal of Communication Systems},
	volume = {35},
	number = {4},
	year = {2022},
	note = {cited By 1},
	abstract = {The antenna{\textquoteright}s bandwidth is strongly dependent on its physical properties and the environment where it is located. Nevertheless, for transmitting devices embedded permanently in the soil, the propagation medium{\textquoteright}s properties are unstable due to dielectric permittivity{\textquoteright}s spatial and temporal changes. Relying on soil parameters values, we present three new multivariable regression models allowing a good fit to the dataset curves with antenna{\textquoteright}s resonant frequency variations prediction of about 98\%. Precisely, such models have been obtained with the help of the multiple linear regression analysis method. Additionally, the results revealed that amongst four considered parameters (i.e., volumetric moisture, bulk density, specific density, and temperature), volumetric moisture is the most influencing factor on the antenna operating frequency band with a correlation coefficient of -0.989, whereas it equals 0.04, -0.035, and -0.002 for the temperature, bulk density, and specific density, respectively. {\textcopyright} 2021 John Wiley \& Sons Ltd.},
	keywords = {\%moisture, Antenna bandwidth, Antennas, Bulk density, Identification modeling, Internet of underground thing, Linear regression, Moisture, Moisture determination, Multiple linear regression analyses (MLRA), Natural frequencies, Permittivity, Propagation media, Volumetrics, Wireless communications, Wireless underground sensor networks},
	doi = {10.1002/dac.5051},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85119955862\&doi=10.1002\%2fdac.5051\&partnerID=40\&md5=551c7d444e649e1e52b647125dd3e638},
	author = {El Mejjatti, M. and Habbani, A. and El Bouanani, F.}
}
@article {Boumait2022251,
	title = {Survey IOT Systems Security Based on Machine Learning},
	journal = {Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems},
	volume = {455 LNNS},
	year = {2022},
	note = {cited By 0},
	pages = {251-258},
	abstract = {IoT technologies are essential for creating a variety of smart applications in the real world that will improve people{\textquoteright}s lives. The focus of this study is on the security of IoT systems using machine learning. It{\textquoteright}s about a thorough examination of the security challenges and threats that applications face. It{\textquoteright}s a survey of machine learning techniques that can be utilized to boost IoT system confidence and security. {\textcopyright} 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-02447-4_26},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85130368202\&doi=10.1007\%2f978-3-031-02447-4_26\&partnerID=40\&md5=7e46544676b219af8cfdbafd0edc735a},
	author = {Boumait, E.M. and Habbani, A. and Souidi, M. and Didi, Z.}
}
@conference {Mouchfiq2021,
	title = {Blockchain-based Model Against selfish Attacks in Mobile ad hoc Networks},
	booktitle = {Proceedings - 4th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technologies and Networking, CommNet 2021},
	year = {2021},
	note = {cited By 0},
	abstract = {Over the past several decades, the importance of security has been increasing, in particular in the area of research addressing the Internet of Things (IoT) and, implicitly, ad hoc networks since they are part of it. Researchers have adopted blockchain as an interesting and trendy research topic in the wireless ad hoc environment. Due to its strong characteristics, such as consensus, immutability, finality and provenance, it{\textquoteright}s used not only as a secure data storage for critical data, but also as a platform that facilitates trustless data exchange between independent parties. However, the main challenge of applying blockchain in an ad hoc network is what kind of nodes should be involved in the validation process and how to adopt the heavy computational complexity of block validation in an appropriate way while maintaining its authentic characteristics. In this paper, we propose a new blockchain-based model against selfish attacks in ad hoc networks and optimize it in this context, to this end, we investigate the presence of MPR nodes to adapt and integrate the blockchain principle in MANETs and based on this we conduct a security analysis to evaluate our model by discussing the ability of our model to meet major security issues related to confidentiality, integrity, availability, non-repudiation, and vulnerability to attacks. {\textcopyright} 2021 IEEE.},
	keywords = {Ad hoc environment, Ad-hoc networks, Block-chain, Blockchain, Digital storage, Electronic data interchange, Internet of things, Mobile ad hoc networks, Mobile ad-hoc networks, Mobile security, MPR, Network security, Research topics, Secure data storage, Security, Selfish attack, Wireless ad hoc},
	doi = {10.1109/CommNet52204.2021.9641959},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85124026049\&doi=10.1109\%2fCommNet52204.2021.9641959\&partnerID=40\&md5=83605288b49be75af72d459c6e278bdd},
	author = {Mouchfiq, N. and Habbani, A. and Benjbara, C. and Berradi, H.}
}
@conference {ElMejjatti2021,
	title = {A Magnetic Coupling-Based Technique for Buried Antenna{\textquoteright}s Frequency Adjustment in Wet Soil},
	booktitle = {Proceedings - 4th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technologies and Networking, CommNet 2021},
	year = {2021},
	note = {cited By 0},
	abstract = {Wireless Underground Sensor Networks for precision agriculture applications consist of wirelessly connected underground sensor nodes that communicate through the soil. Thus, the resonant frequency of the buried antenna depends on the soil{\textquoteright}s dielectric permittivity. In addition, the soil{\textquoteright}s volumetric water content in nature can vary unpredictably due to the weather conditions and irrigation, causing permittivity fluctuations and hence, frequency instability of deployed antennas. In this paper, we propose an inductive coupling-based technique allowing the self-adjustment of the buried loop antenna{\textquoteright}s resonant frequency subject to a wet soil environment. {\textcopyright} 2021 IEEE.},
	keywords = {Agriculture applications, Antennae frequency, Dielectric permittivities, Electromagnetic coupling, Electromagnetic induction, Frequency adjustment, Inductive couplings, Inductive sensors, Loop antennas, Natural frequencies, Permittivity, Precision agriculture, Rectangular loop antenna, Sensor nodes, Soil volumetric water contents, Soils, Wet soil, Wireless underground sensor networks},
	doi = {10.1109/CommNet52204.2021.9641968},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85124041273\&doi=10.1109\%2fCommNet52204.2021.9641968\&partnerID=40\&md5=45b6350d107ec8b65d5a9b1750c72d69},
	author = {El Mejjatti, M. and Habbani, A. and El Bouanani, F.}
}
@article {Benjbara2021270,
	title = {Multipathing communication in heterogeneous ad hoc network},
	journal = {Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing},
	volume = {1184},
	year = {2021},
	note = {cited By 1},
	pages = {270-278},
	abstract = {Multipath routing is a solution that meets the requirements of existing systems (security, bandwidth, network lifetime, etc.). Currently, several studies are trying to apply and adapt the principle of multipath in several types of networks for benefiting from its advantages. The wireless network without infrastructure (ad hoc network) is more flexible and less expensive compared to other networks and uses in its turn the multipath routing in the communication between the devices to enhance its strengths. The ad hoc network regroups several categories of network, and each one has its own node characteristics and communication protocol. In most application areas based on new technologies, such as smart cities, precision agriculture, medicine, and others, we can find different types of ad hoc networks in the same architecture constituting a heterogeneous network. So, the heterogeneous ad hoc network (HAdN) appears and brings with it a new line of research concerning the common and compatible routing protocols inside this type of network. This article proposes a new multipath routing protocol version based on the OLSR standard ensuring the direct communication between the various HAdN components. The new protocol will initially be implemented in a specific network architecture consisting of MANET, VANET, and FANET. {\textcopyright} The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd 2021.},
	keywords = {Agricultural robots, Application area, Direct communications, Existing systems, Heterogeneous ad-hoc networks, Heterogeneous networks, Internet protocols, Multi path routing, Multipath routing protocols, Network architecture, Network lifetime, Network routing, New protocol, Routing protocols, Vehicular ad hoc networks},
	doi = {10.1007/978-981-15-5859-7_26},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85091906004\&doi=10.1007\%2f978-981-15-5859-7_26\&partnerID=40\&md5=6a83b101716d6edd1c858d6c7475f899},
	author = {Benjbara, C. and Mouchfiq, N. and Habbani, A.}
}
@article {Mouchfiq2021288,
	title = {Security issues in manets: A survey},
	journal = {Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing},
	volume = {1184},
	year = {2021},
	note = {cited By 2},
	pages = {288-295},
	abstract = {Recently, the notion of security has become increasingly important to research on wireless networks, later the Internet of things (IoT) and ad hoc networks that are a part of IoT environment. The various changes in the digital environment, as it must identify the different changes in the digital environment, are namely the protection of the personal and professional data of this intelligent world. In the work already done, there are several methods and levels of security. In this study, we identify that security aggression MANETs are facing with the security services to provide in each layer. In order to reach our target, we did a literature search gathering information on different types of attacks and solutions, as well as the latest security work. Then, we discuss the proposed solutions to ensure a high level of security in networks by recalling the latest work of our team. Finally, we propose a method of security better adapted to our needs based on blockchain technology. {\textcopyright} The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd 2021.},
	keywords = {Digital environment, In networks, Internet of thing (IOT), Internet of things, Literature search, Mobile ad hoc networks, Network security, Security issues, Security services},
	doi = {10.1007/978-981-15-5859-7_28},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85091934292\&doi=10.1007\%2f978-981-15-5859-7_28\&partnerID=40\&md5=94af6860a11351f3307ffc8d94ae12a3},
	author = {Mouchfiq, N. and Habbani, A. and Benjbara, C.}
}
@article {Berradi2020551,
	title = {Improvement of olsr protocol using the hello message scheme based on neighbors mobility},
	journal = {Journal of Communications},
	volume = {15},
	number = {7},
	year = {2020},
	note = {cited By 3},
	pages = {551-557},
	abstract = {The main idea behind the routing protocols based on multi-hop is to find the required path from the source node to the destination. Since those protocols do not consider the node mobility in their mechanism, we propose to enhance the routing protocols benefiting from localization node and predict the time needed for neighbors to go out of range for a node to increase the robustness of the protocols with the mobility. Firstly, we propose an efficient scheme to predict the time needed for the node to quite the neighbor range. Secondly, we conduct a set of simulations to compare the performance of our proposal against OLSR standard. {\textcopyright} 2020 Journal of Communications.},
	doi = {10.12720/jcm.15.7.551-557},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85090682888\&doi=10.12720\%2fjcm.15.7.551-557\&partnerID=40\&md5=d5420787a7e221baaea54685cd83c661},
	author = {Berradi, H. and Habbani, A. and Mouchfiq, N. and Souidi, M.}
}
@conference {Berradi2020,
	title = {Optimize the QoS Metrics in Smart Mobile Communication using Multi-Objective Function},
	booktitle = {3rd International Conference on Advanced Communication Technologies and Networking, CommNet 2020},
	year = {2020},
	note = {cited By 1},
	abstract = {The impact of mobility is a major factor that can have an influence on the stability of network behaviour in mobile ad-hoc networks (MANET). The selection of paths having stability, security and an extended network lifetime is one of the crucial issues in the design of routing protocols. In this paper, the authors propose an enhanced algorithm relying on a multipurpose function according to three metrics, mobility, energy and reputation levels to improve the routing decision-making process. The main goal is to identify better performing Multipoint relays (MPRs) which are used to relay messages between nodes. They are also necessary for routing and selecting the appropriate route from any source to any destination node. The identification of the most efficient MPRs can upgrade the network performing even in the most challenging conditions of the dynamic environment. The authors implement the advanced algorithm in the OLSR and get the performance result by using a network simulator (NS3) running under the mobility model of the Manhattan network. The achieved results show important performance compared to the default version. In addition, the proposed model can be employed to improve network efficiency for proactive protocols in ad-hoc networks. {\textcopyright} 2020 IEEE.},
	keywords = {Decision making, Destination nodes, Dynamic environments, Internet protocols, Manhattan networks, Mobile ad hoc networks, Mobile communications, Mobile telecommunication systems, Multi-objective functions, Network efficiency, Network security, Network simulators, Proactive protocol},
	doi = {10.1109/CommNet49926.2020.9199632},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85093653757\&doi=10.1109\%2fCommNet49926.2020.9199632\&partnerID=40\&md5=83e6a0c98ac8386acb6e6aad76a531ec},
	author = {Berradi, H. and Habbani, A. and Souidi, M. and Elmahdi, F. and Mouchfiq, N.}
}
@article {ElMahdi2020,
	title = {Optimized Scheme to Secure IoT Systems Based on Sharing Secret in Multipath Protocol},
	journal = {Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing},
	volume = {2020},
	year = {2020},
	note = {cited By 1},
	abstract = {Internet of Things (IoT) is a hot and emerging topic nowadays. In the world of today, all kinds of devices are supposed to be connected and all types of information are exchanged. This makes human daily life easier and much more intelligent than before. However, this life mode is vulnerable to several security threats. In fact, the mobile networks, by nature, are more exposed to malicious attacks that may read confidential information and modify or even drop important data. This risk should be taken in consideration prior to any construction of mobile networks especially in the coming 5G technology. The present paper aims to provide a contribution in securing such kinds of environment by proposing a new protocol that can be implemented in ad hoc networks. {\textcopyright} 2020 Fatna El Mahdi et al.},
	keywords = {5G mobile communication systems, ad hoc networks, Confidential information, Daily lives, Emerging topics, Internet of things, Internet of Things (IOT), Malicious attack, Mobile security, Mobile telecommunication systems, Multipath protocols, Network security, New protocol, Security threats},
	doi = {10.1155/2020/1468976},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85083513010\&doi=10.1155\%2f2020\%2f1468976\&partnerID=40\&md5=a7326029a67a6d4fc68c90a958148708},
	author = {El Mahdi, F. and Habbani, A. and Kartit, Z. and Bouamoud, B.}
}
@article {Souidi202043,
	title = {Performance Comparison of Zoning Techniques in Geographic Forwarding Rules for Ad Hoc Networks},
	journal = {EAI/Springer Innovations in Communication and Computing},
	year = {2020},
	note = {cited By 0},
	pages = {43-54},
	abstract = {Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is a set of devices communicating directly with each other without the aid of an infrastructure. They exchange broadcast messages to detect links between nodes and to create routing tables. However, the broadcasting leads to the multiplication of redundant retransmissions. These retransmissions decrease the performance of the network. The Geographic Forwarding Rules (GFRs) are a technique that allows to scale down the ripple effects of broadcasting in order to increase the reliability of the network. They have been used in the context of the Optimized Link State Routing protocol (OLSR) and have reduced the useless transmissions of topology control (TC) messages. The GFRs use the location of the originator of the TC message to split nodes into virtual groups called the propagation zones. The algorithm freely advertises TC messages inside each zone and avoids redundant retransmissions between them. The authors of GFR presented several zoning techniques. However, they have studied only one method. In this paper, we draw analysis of different techniques to compute the propagation zones. We compare, by simulations, the improvement provided by the GFR algorithm on OLSR protocol using different partitioning methods. {\textcopyright} 2020, Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Ad-hoc networks, Broadcast messages, Broadcasting, Control messages, Geographic forwarding, Mobile ad hoc networks, Mobile ad-hoc networks, Optimized link state routing protocols, Performance comparison, Retransmissions, Topology control, Zoning, Zoning techniques},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-30911-4_4},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85134349769\&doi=10.1007\%2f978-3-030-30911-4_4\&partnerID=40\&md5=0f69976ebbd29ca5dc9e70fd2c18ed5e},
	author = {Souidi, M. and Habbani, A.}
}
@article {Mouchfiq2020219,
	title = {Security in MANETs: The Blockchain Issue},
	journal = {Communications in Computer and Information Science},
	volume = {1264},
	year = {2020},
	note = {cited By 2},
	pages = {219-232},
	abstract = {With the emergence of the IoT (Internet of Things) technology, security features must take into account the developments and possible uses. The blockchain is considered as a new technology devoted to data sharing, it allows to guarantee the integrity of data by IoT devices thanks to intelligent contracts allowing to verify and enforce the conditions of the monitored goods during their processing. In our work, we will address the security of Blockchain-based systems and networks to improve and simplify the communication of messages and informations, using the most innovative and sophisticated processes and a form of device independent control. In order to do so, we will analyse the solutions advanced by researchers from all over the world who are dedicated to guaranteeing a good state of security on these networks. Finally, our manuscript will present an approach to enhance security which is founded on the Blockchain principle and which we have entitled {\textquotedblleft}MPR Blockchain{\textquotedblright}. This solution proves to be the most appropriate to our requirements and expectations as a team working within IoT systems and especially ad hoc networks. {\textcopyright} 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.},
	keywords = {Blockchain, Data communication systems, Data Sharing, Independent control, Internet of things, Mobile ad hoc networks, Mobile security, Network security, Security features, Team working},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-61143-9_18},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85097368928\&doi=10.1007\%2f978-3-030-61143-9_18\&partnerID=40\&md5=d277597a52117999b5b738db40aa811f},
	author = {Mouchfiq, N. and Benjbara, C. and Habbani, A.}
}
@article {Berradi2020677,
	title = {Wireless network stability enhancement based on spatial dependency},
	journal = {Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering},
	volume = {684 LNEE},
	year = {2020},
	note = {cited By 0},
	pages = {677-686},
	abstract = {The Ad hoc network is a part of the IoT environment, including several types of networks like MANET. It uses different categories of routing protocol, but the OLSR routing protocol is the best one for MANET. The mobility concept has an impact on the evolution of network performances. In the OLSR routing protocol, this mobility influences on the choice of the MultiPoint Relay (MPR). In this paper, the main objective is to develop an algorithm enhancing MPR selection process in such networks. This algorithm based on Average Spatial Dependency metric {\textquotedblleft}ASD{\textquotedblright} linked to the average Relative Speed {\textquotedblleft}RS{\textquotedblright} and the average Relative Acceleration {\textquotedblleft}RA{\textquotedblright}. Each node shares these values with its neighbors using the messages of OLSR routing protocol (Hello and TC messages). Furthermore, if the nodes have equal reachability, the highest ASD value will be selected as a criterion of the choice of their MPR set. In the simulation, we have applicated the Manhattan mobility model in the MANET network, and we have used the NS3 simulator. The results of this simulation have shown that the mobility concept could change network performances in terms of packet loss, end-to-end delay, and Throughput. {\textcopyright} The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020.},
	keywords = {End to end delay, Manhattan mobility models, Mobile ad hoc networks, Mpr selections, multipoint relays, Network performance, Network stability, Relative acceleration, Relative speed, Routing protocols, Spatial dependencies},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-53187-4_74},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85089717007\&doi=10.1007\%2f978-3-030-53187-4_74\&partnerID=40\&md5=845455db1c85cc5d0e34104203afb7ba},
	author = {Berradi, H. and Habbani, A. and Benjbara, C. and Mouchfiq, N. and Amraoui, H.}
}
@article {Sahnoun201826,
	title = {A coalition-formation game model for energy-efficient routing in mobile Ad-hoc network},
	journal = {International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering},
	volume = {8},
	number = {1},
	year = {2018},
	note = {cited By 0},
	pages = {26-33},
	abstract = {One of the most routing problems in Mobile Ad-hoc Network is the node{\textquoteright}s selfishness. Nodes are generally selfish and try to maximize their own benefit; hence these nodes refuse to forward packet on behalf of others to preserve their limited energy resources. This selfishness may lead to a low efficiency of routing. Therefore, it is important to study mechanisms which can be used encourage cooperation among nodes, to maintain the network efficiency. In this paper, we propose a cooperative game theoretic model to support more energy-aware and available bandwidth routing in MANET. We introduce a novel framework from coalitional-formation game theory, called hedonic coalition-formation game. We integrate this model to OLSR protocol that is an optimization over the classical link state protocol for the MANETs. Within each coalition, a coalition coordinator acts as a special MPR node to improve the energy efficient and the packet success rate of the transmission. Simulation results show how the proposed algorithm improve the performance in terms of the percentage of selected MPR nodes in the network, the percentage of alive nodes by time, and the Packet Delivery Ratio. Which prove that our proposed model leads, to better results compared to the classical OLSR. {\textcopyright} 2018 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science.},
	doi = {10.11591/ijece.v8i1.pp26-33},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85042920602\&doi=10.11591\%2fijece.v8i1.pp26-33\&partnerID=40\&md5=b4b2c8c95ff6ea605c6d376020831a06},
	author = {Sahnoun, A. and Habbani, A. and El Abbadi, J.}
}
@article {Sahnoun201826,
	title = {A coalition-formation game model for energy-efficient routing in mobile Ad-hoc network},
	journal = {International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering},
	volume = {8},
	number = {1},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {26-33},
	doi = {10.11591/ijece.v8i1.pp26-33},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85042920602\&doi=10.11591\%2fijece.v8i1.pp26-33\&partnerID=40\&md5=b4b2c8c95ff6ea605c6d376020831a06},
	author = {Sahnoun, A. and Habbani, A. and El Abbadi, J.}
}
@conference {Souidi2018,
	title = {Energy performance of zoning techniques for broadcast processing with reduced redundancy in MANETS},
	booktitle = {ACM International Conference Proceeding Series},
	year = {2018},
	doi = {10.1145/3289402.3289507},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85062792171\&doi=10.1145\%2f3289402.3289507\&partnerID=40\&md5=1d25490445c2ab5f8978761851a98837},
	author = {Souidi, M. and Berradi, H. and Habbani, A. and Elmahdi, F.}
}
@article {Amraoui20186945,
	title = {A Forwarding Game Approach for Reducing Topology Control Traffic in MANETs},
	journal = {Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering},
	volume = {43},
	number = {12},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {6945-6961},
	doi = {10.1007/s13369-017-2910-7},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85056214456\&doi=10.1007\%2fs13369-017-2910-7\&partnerID=40\&md5=1dfa43ead71bc316da85208bc3a3c893},
	author = {Amraoui, H. and Habbani, A. and Hajami, A.}
}
@article {Souidi20181,
	title = {Geographic forwarding rules to reduce broadcast redundancy in mobile ad hoc wireless networks},
	journal = {Personal and Ubiquitous Computing},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {1-11},
	doi = {10.1007/s00779-018-1137-2},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85046544087\&doi=10.1007\%2fs00779-018-1137-2\&partnerID=40\&md5=6c36decf0a636de5c2e0472ac7d6cf4e},
	author = {Souidi, M. and Habbani, A. and Berradi, H. and El Mahdi, F.}
}
@conference {Amraoui20181,
	title = {Reducing network topology over smart digital mobile environment using linear programming approach},
	booktitle = {ACM International Conference Proceeding Series},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {1-8},
	doi = {10.1145/3289100.3289101},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85058617163\&doi=10.1145\%2f3289100.3289101\&partnerID=40\&md5=2611403282d988e759c8721f91c739e5},
	author = {Amraoui, H. and Habbani, A. and Hajami, A.}
}
@conference {Amraoui20181,
	title = {Security \& cooperation mechanisms over mobile ad hoc networks: A survey and challenges},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of 2017 International Conference on Electrical and Information Technologies, ICEIT 2017},
	volume = {2018-January},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {1-6},
	doi = {10.1109/EITech.2017.8255313},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85047364198\&doi=10.1109\%2fEITech.2017.8255313\&partnerID=40\&md5=16f5590d7460c7a1606e951c65b604b4},
	author = {Amraoui, H. and Habbani, A. and Hajami, A. and Bilal, E.}
}
@article {Sahnoun201722,
	title = {EEPR-OLSR: An energy efficient and path reliability protocol for proactive mobile Ad-hoc network routing},
	journal = {International Journal of Communication Networks and Information Security},
	volume = {9},
	number = {1},
	year = {2017},
	note = {cited By 2},
	pages = {22-29},
	abstract = {Routing in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks has received a lot of attention due to the challenges posed by the self-organizing nature of the network, the dynamic topology, and the unreliable wireless medium. One of the most critical issues for MANETs is how to increase network lifetime, since nodes are typically battery powered. In this paper we consider the proactive MANET protocol OLSR to improve the network lifetime, we propose a novel multiple metric routing scheme for MANET, based on energy efficient and path reliability metrics, integrating it to standard OLSR, named Energy Efficient and Path Reliability OLSR (EEPR-OLSR), in which we investigate cross layer parameters that effect the network lifetime and a prediction-based link availability estimation is introduced. Simulation results, by NS3 simulator, show that the proposed EEPR-OLSR provides significant performance gains in both the network lifetime and packet delivery ration (PDR), compared to the standard OLSR.},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85017133726\&partnerID=40\&md5=b9c4bae42e6e2af86bcd792df9345d07},
	author = {Sahnoun, A. and Habbani, A. and El Abbadi, J.}
}
@article {Sahnoun2017399,
	title = {An energy-efficient proactive routing scheme for MANET: Game theoretical approach of forwarding with selfish nodes},
	journal = {International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications},
	volume = {63},
	number = {4},
	year = {2017},
	note = {cited By 0},
	pages = {399-404},
	abstract = {In Mobile Ad-hoc Networks, nodes exchange packets with each other using intermediate nodes as relays. Since nodes in MANETs are battery powered, energy conservation is a crucial issue. Accepting relay all request may not be in the best interest of a node. But if many nodes prefer not to consume energy in relaying packets on behalf of others, the overall performance of routing in network will be influenced. In this paper we address the energy-efficient routing problem in MANETs with selfish nodes. We modeled this problem as a game-theoretic constraint optimization; we defined the utility of each node as a weighted difference between a performance metric and some transmission costs. A motivate mechanism is proposed in order to induce nodes to forwarding cooperation. Each node independently implements the optimal equilibrium strategy under the given constraints. Simulation results by NS3 simulator show that our proposed approach can improve system performance in network lifetime and packet delivery ratio. {\textcopyright} 2017 De Gruyter Open Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	doi = {10.1515/eletel-2017-0055},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85042877707\&doi=10.1515\%2feletel-2017-0055\&partnerID=40\&md5=62e06e5bfb6b7ad51299584d89bc9a68},
	author = {Sahnoun, A. and Habbani, A. and El Abbadi, J.}
}
@conference {Amraoui2017278,
	title = {Mobility quantification for MultiPoint Relays selection algorithm in Mobile Ad hoc Networks},
	booktitle = {International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems -Proceedings},
	year = {2017},
	note = {cited By 0},
	pages = {278-283},
	abstract = {In Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs), with Optimized Link State Routing Protocol (OLSR) the mobility concept is an essential element which can result in the evolution of network performances. In this paper, the main objective is to develop an algorithm to improve the MultiPoint Relay (MPR) selection process in such networks. This algorithm is based on the Mobility Rate (MR) which in turn is relied on the relative velocity of nodes. Additionally, in this algorithm, each node keeps a mobility rate record of other nodes. Moreover, this mobility value will be exchanged between nodes using OLSR messages (HELLO and Topology control (TC)). Furthermore, this value will be used as a criterion when a node chooses their MPR set. In addition, the simulation results using Network Simulator 3 (NS3) have shown that the mobility concept could improve network performances in terms of the throughput, packet received, packet loss, packet delivery ratio and packet forwarded. Moreover, and through this paper the proposed algorithm can be used as a functional mobility mechanism to improve network performances in MANETs. {\textcopyright} 2016 IEEE.},
	doi = {10.1109/ICMCS.2016.7905672},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85019077851\&doi=10.1109\%2fICMCS.2016.7905672\&partnerID=40\&md5=72838ebe1c1b4730920daf92d4fc133c},
	author = {Amraoui, H. and Habbani, A. and Hajami, A.}
}
@conference {ElMejjatti201764,
	title = {Moisture vulnerability of antenna operation in UHF band},
	booktitle = {ACM International Conference Proceeding Series},
	volume = {Part F130526},
	year = {2017},
	note = {cited By 0},
	pages = {64-68},
	abstract = {Behavior of the propagation medium in reaction with electromagnetic fields is described by its dielectric permittivity; this electric property is a function of the physical characteristics of the medium and those of the propagating wave. Among the parameters, which considerably affect the dielectric permittivity of a medium, its water content. In fact, when the snow wetness varies from 0 to 50\% in the melting layer, real part of the mixture permittivity varies from 1.47 to 5.86. Similarly, when soil moisture varies from 0 to 40\% real and imaginary parts of effective permittivity of soil, air and water mixture vary from 4.13 to 24.85 and from 0 to 3.44 respectively. This dynamism in the permittivity as a function of the humidity is able to alter the efficiency of the antenna within the application. In this paper, we propose a study to analyze the impact of wetness on the performance of a dipole antenna with central frequency of 900 MHz. The study was carried out by simulating the behavior of the dipole antenna model in Finite Element Method (FEM) full wave simulator with different values of the water content of two propagation mediums: melting layer and soil. Simulation results concerning the resonant frequency, bandwidth, directivity are presented through paragraphs of the paper. {\textcopyright} 2017 Association for Computing Machinery.},
	doi = {10.1145/3128128.3128138},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85030317231\&doi=10.1145\%2f3128128.3128138\&partnerID=40\&md5=e989fe7cf53281bbd496b02834b4ced0},
	author = {El Mejjatti, M. and Habbani, A. and Essaid, B. and Amraoui, H.}
}
@conference {Benjbara201714,
	title = {Multi-path routing protocol in the Smart Digital Environment},
	booktitle = {ACM International Conference Proceeding Series},
	volume = {Part F130526},
	year = {2017},
	note = {cited By 0},
	pages = {14-18},
	abstract = {During the last decade, the smart digital environment has become one of the most scientific challenges that occupy scientists and researchers. This new environment consists basically of smart connected products including three main parts: the physical mechanical/electrical product, the smart part of the product made from embedded software and human machine interface, and finally the connectivity part including antennas and routing protocols insuring the wired/wireless communication with other products, from our side, we are involved in the implementation of the latter part by developing a routing protocol that will meet the increasingly demanding requirements of today{\textquoteright}s systems (security, bandwidth, network lifetime, ...). Based on the researches carried out in other fields of application such as MANETS, multi-path routing fulfills our expectations. In this article, the MPOLSR protocol was chosen as an example, comparing its standard version and its improvements in order to choose the best solution that can be applied in the smart digital environment. {\textcopyright} 2017 Association for Computing Machinery.},
	doi = {10.1145/3128128.31281311},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85030312348\&doi=10.1145\%2f3128128.31281311\&partnerID=40\&md5=b5569466aa21263fd475715c608fad74},
	author = {Benjbara, C. and Habbani, A. and El Mahdi, F. and Essaid, B.}
}
@conference {Souidi20178,
	title = {Node localization to optimize the MPR selection in smart mobile communication},
	booktitle = {ACM International Conference Proceeding Series},
	volume = {Part F130526},
	year = {2017},
	note = {cited By 0},
	pages = {8-13},
	abstract = {Nowadays, we are converging more and more towards smart environments like smart cars, drones, unmanned airplanes, internet of things and connected homes... These new gadgets are in need to communicate and interact with each other for their proper functioning. Due to their easy implementation, the mobile ad hoc networks constitute the fastest and the most efficient way to establish connection in smart environments. However, in proactive ad hoc routing protocol, like the Optimized Link State Routing, maintaining the topology increases the overhead and consumes a considerable energy power. In smart environments, some terminals are battery powered. Designing efficient communication protocols is crucial to decrease the interferences, to enhance the performance of the network and to reduce the consumption of energy. In this paper, we use the node localization in the context of OLSR to select dispersive Multi-Point Relays responsible of broadcasting the topology into the entire network. We divide the environment into several virtual zones. Then we try to elect forwarders at different partitions to cover the maximum surface area in order to reach the greater number of devices. The simulations show that our proposal reduces at certain extent, the amount of traffic overhead, improves the network capacity and lets more bandwidth for the smart environment{\textquoteright}s applications. {\textcopyright} 2017 Association for Computing Machinery.},
	doi = {10.1145/3128128.3128130},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85030308988\&doi=10.1145\%2f3128128.3128130\&partnerID=40\&md5=36496d536836e72b4534a55afef580a7},
	author = {Souidi, M. and Habbani, A. and Berradi, H. and Essaid, B.}
}
@conference {Sahnoun2017726,
	title = {Path reliability metric for proactive MANET routing},
	booktitle = {International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems -Proceedings},
	year = {2017},
	note = {cited By 0},
	pages = {726-730},
	abstract = {One critical issue for routing in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANET) is how to select reliable paths that can last as long as possible, The reliability of a path depends on the number of links and the reliability of each link constituting the path. In this paper we developed efficient routing metric prediction methods by predicting link stability using a probabilistic computation based on the normal-like distributions of the link lifetimes in typical MANET mobility scenarios, integrating it to proactive MANET routing OLSR, named Path Reliability OLSR (PR-OLSR). We show by simulation that PR-OLSR is more adaptive to the network dynamics and therefore is able to improve performance significantly on packet delivery ratio and prolonged network energy lifetime. {\textcopyright} 2016 IEEE.},
	doi = {10.1109/ICMCS.2016.7905622},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85019101373\&doi=10.1109\%2fICMCS.2016.7905622\&partnerID=40\&md5=e6eeb0abb95c8eee7c04dea7ae26a2ac},
	author = {Sahnoun, A. and El Abbadi, J. and Habbani, A.}
}
@conference {ElMahdi2017220,
	title = {Study of security in MANETs and evaluation of network performance using ETX metric},
	booktitle = {ACM International Conference Proceeding Series},
	volume = {Part F130526},
	year = {2017},
	note = {cited By 0},
	pages = {220-228},
	abstract = {Today, we witness the emergence of smart environments, where devices are able to connect independently without human-intervention. Mobile ad hoc networks are an example of smart environments that are widely deployed in public spaces. They offer great services and features compared with wired systems. However, these networks are more sensitive to malicious attacks because of the lack of infrastructure and the self-organizing nature of devices. Thus, communication between nodes is much more exposed to various security risks, than other networks. In this paper, we will present a synthetic study on security concept for MANETs, and then we will introduce a contribution based on evaluating link quality, using ETX metric, to enhance network availability. {\textcopyright} 2017 Association for Computing Machinery.},
	doi = {10.1145/3128128.3128162},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85030328629\&doi=10.1145\%2f3128128.3128162\&partnerID=40\&md5=07c3afc88f0628598193c141135dba27},
	author = {El Mahdi, F. and Habbani, A. and Mouchfiq, N. and Essaid, B.}
}
@article {Choukri20122121,
	title = {AODV protocol behavior based on H.264 multiservice traffic},
	journal = {International Review on Computers and Software},
	volume = {7},
	number = {5},
	year = {2012},
	note = {cited By 2},
	pages = {2121-2125},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84873308095\&partnerID=40\&md5=a7d603a75c0b90d10b0e6ac5e06924fe},
	author = {Choukri, A. and Amnai, M. and Habbani, A. and Elkoutbi, M.}
}
@article {Choukri2012208,
	title = {Behavior of ad hoc routing protocols in multi service traffic},
	journal = {Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology},
	volume = {43},
	number = {2},
	year = {2012},
	note = {cited By 1},
	pages = {208-213},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84867186214\&partnerID=40\&md5=af5b22cc20366d5220d91fac8886944e},
	author = {Choukri, A. and Habbani, A. and Elkoutbi, M.}
}
@conference {ElKhaddar2012440,
	title = {Emerging wireless technologies in e-health: Trends, challenges, and framework design issues},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of 2012 International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems, ICMCS 2012},
	year = {2012},
	note = {cited By 20},
	pages = {440-445},
	doi = {10.1109/ICMCS.2012.6320276},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84869803375\&doi=10.1109\%2fICMCS.2012.6320276\&partnerID=40\&md5=3f8a7111cfa37918453a942aa23762f3},
	author = {El Khaddar, M.A. and Harroud, H. and Boulmalf, M. and Elkoutbi, M. and Habbani, A.}
}
@article {Lakki2012217,
	title = {The integration ofthe speedof mobilityin the selection OFMPR to improve theqosin ad hoc networks},
	journal = {Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology},
	volume = {36},
	number = {2},
	year = {2012},
	note = {cited By 1},
	pages = {217-226},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84857970125\&partnerID=40\&md5=23ad0cf075d2275f629e3d075e1d94f5},
	author = {Lakki, N. and Ouacha, A. and Habbani, A. and El Abbadi, J.}
}
@article {Belaoud201285,
	title = {Mobile networks migration towards NGN},
	journal = {Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology},
	volume = {36},
	number = {1},
	year = {2012},
	note = {cited By 0},
	pages = {85-91},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84857179051\&partnerID=40\&md5=e4d7df56d5dbc346177de55798050977},
	author = {Belaoud, H. and Habbani, A. and El Abbadi, J.}
}
@conference {Ouacha2012305,
	title = {New mobility metric based on MultiPoint Relay life duration},
	booktitle = {SIGMAP 2012, WINSYS 2012 - Proceedings of the International Conference on Signal Processing and Multimedia Applications and Wireless Information Networks and Systems},
	year = {2012},
	note = {cited By 0},
	pages = {305-309},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84867639975\&partnerID=40\&md5=e94005ced33c5ad754bab9aa88330260},
	author = {Ouacha, A. and Lakki, N. and Habbani, A. and El Abbadi, J.}
}
@article {Ouacha2011607,
	title = {Energy consumption of mobile intelligent system},
	journal = {International Review on Computers and Software},
	volume = {6},
	number = {4},
	year = {2011},
	note = {cited By 1},
	pages = {607-614},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-81255192184\&partnerID=40\&md5=b26045da71d43042643a0b6b4648f535},
	author = {Ouacha, A. and Lakki, N. and Habbani, A. and Oubaha, J. and Elkoutbi, M. and Abbadi, J.E.}
}
@conference {Oubaha2011,
	title = {New approach: Mapping of 802.11e into MPLS domains},
	booktitle = {International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems -Proceedings},
	year = {2011},
	note = {cited By 2},
	doi = {10.1109/ICMCS.2011.5945692},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79961236232\&doi=10.1109\%2fICMCS.2011.5945692\&partnerID=40\&md5=29b437172dc2f468633f19d9746c8f92},
	author = {Oubaha, J. and Habbani, A. and Elkoutbi, M.}
}
@conference {Oubaha2010,
	title = {Multi-criteria path optimization in MPLS networks},
	booktitle = {2010 5th International Symposium on I/V Communications and Mobile Networks, ISIVC 2010},
	year = {2010},
	note = {cited By 0},
	doi = {10.1109/ISVC.2010.5656215},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78651476901\&doi=10.1109\%2fISVC.2010.5656215\&partnerID=40\&md5=80d2db09aa1ec387e76a137bf94a9e0f},
	author = {Oubaha, J. and Habbani, A. and Elkoutbi, M.}
}
@article {4562825020091002,
	title = {Using Mobility to Enhance Routing Process in MIS System.},
	journal = {International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies},
	volume = {3},
	number = {S2},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {24 - 32},
	abstract = {This paper introduces the original Mobile Intelligent System (MIS) in an embedded Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) architecture. This would allow the construction of autonomous mobile network units which can move in environments that are unknown, inaccessible or hostile for human beings, in order to collect data by various sensors and route it to a distant processing unit. To have a better performing routing process, we propose a new mobility measure. Each node measures its own mobility in the network, based on its neighbors{\textquoteright} information. This measure has no unit and is calculated by quantification in regular time intervals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]},
	keywords = {ad hoc networks, Computer architecture, Information systems embedded application, Intelligent agents (Computer software), intelligent sensors, Mobile communication systems, multipoint relays, node mobility and mobility quantification, OLSR protocol, Routers (Computer networks), Routing (Computer network management) {\textendash} Equipment \& supplies, wireless sensor network},
	issn = {18657923},
	url = {http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true\&db=iih\&AN=45628250\&site=ehost-live},
	author = {Oudidi, K. and Habbani, A. and Elkoutbi, M.}
}
