@article {Filali202015947,
	title = {Preemptive SDN Load Balancing with Machine Learning for Delay Sensitive Applications},
	journal = {IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology},
	volume = {69},
	number = {12},
	year = {2020},
	note = {cited By 12},
	pages = {15947-15963},
	abstract = {SDN is a key-enabler to achieve scalability in 5G and Multi-access Edge Computing networks. To balance the load between distributed SDN controllers, the migration of the data plane components has been proposed. Different from most previous works which use reactive mechanisms, we propose to preemptively balance the load in the SDN control plane to support network flows that require low latency communications. First, we forecast the load of SDN controllers to prevent load imbalances and schedule data plane migrations in advance. Second, we optimize the migration operations to achieve better load balancing under delay constraints. Specifically, in the first step, we construct two prediction models based on Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) approaches to forecast SDN controllers load. Then, we conduct a comparative study between these two models and calculate their accuracies and forecast errors. The results show that, in long-term predictions, the accuracy of LSTM model outperforms that of ARIMA by 55\% in terms of prediction errors. In the second step, to select which data plane components to migrate and where the migration should happen under delay constraints, we formulate the problem as a non-linear binary program, prove its NP-completeness and propose a reinforcement learning algorithm to solve it. The simulations show that the proposed algorithm performs close to optimal and outperforms recent benchmark algorithms from the literature. {\textcopyright} 1967-2012 IEEE.},
	keywords = {5G mobile communication systems, Auto-regressive integrated moving average, Autoregressive moving average model, Balancing, Comparative studies, Controllers, Delay constraints, Delay-sensitive applications, Forecasting, Learning algorithms, Long short-term memory, Long-term prediction, Low-latency communication, Prediction errors, Predictive analytics, Reactive mechanism, Reinforcement learning},
	doi = {10.1109/TVT.2020.3038918},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85097173809\&doi=10.1109\%2fTVT.2020.3038918\&partnerID=40\&md5=4dc77968a74ba95fb61deec16c598fbb},
	author = {Filali, A. and Mlika, Z. and Cherkaoui, S. and Kobbane, A.}
}
