@article {Faqihi2016215,
	title = {Toward a new treatment approach of learning content in cloud era},
	journal = {Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology},
	volume = {83},
	number = {2},
	year = {2016},
	note = {cited By 0},
	pages = {215-226},
	abstract = {Nowadays, Technological development of human beings is extremely related to information. This is proved on the manners and areas that life was computerized such as in trade, government services, medicine, education, learning etc.Nevertheless, the fast development of designing information systems has created several sub-systems in multiple contexts which are conceived by different communities and totally dispersed geographically but all undertaking the same area. Neither contents nor services that these subsystems are made are certainly in the same technology environments. In our research, the learning field goes through many key steps. Actually, new revolutionized practices were implemented due to technology innovation, so transition from classical learning towards distance learning or d-learning is more than possible, it{\textquoteright}s desired. Consequently, this phenomenon has created more opportunities for learners and teachers but also several challenges; in many cases, the multitude of standards hinders the learner migration from a learning environment to another, so it hampers its learning development.In this paper, we will propose a framework of interoperability based on three levels. Since we are interested in semantic level, we propose a process of interoperability of learning content in the cloud era based on a global ontology. Like recommendation systems, we will start our process by acquisition, then validation and finally structuration of the learning content. This structuration way will give to both actors of learning environment a certain flexibility and access to other resources in Cloud environment. The basic principle is to collect content, to enrich it and to make it interoperable by using unified approach in star based on a comprehensive ontology. Our work is a part of MADAR project which is {\textquotedblleft}Learning Architecture Adapted to Mobile Technology{\textquotedblright}. {\textcopyright} 2005 - 2015 JATIT \& LLS. All rights reserved.},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84955166049\&partnerID=40\&md5=211c373530d79c2ab171cd1f8c4a6833},
	author = {Faqihi, B. and Daoudi, N. and Ajhoun, R.}
}
@conference { ISI:000315346700024,
	title = {Towards the implementation of semantic interoperability of information systems via technique of matching: Issue and prospective},
	booktitle = {2012 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERACTIVE MOBILE AND COMPUTER AIDED LEARNING (IMCL)},
	year = {2012},
	note = {International Conference on Interactive Mobile and Computer Aided Learning (IMCL), Princess Sumaya Univ Technol (PSUT), Amman, JORDAN, NOV 06-08, 2012},
	pages = {134-140},
	publisher = {IEEE; Carinthia Tech Inst; IAOE; IELA; IGIP; Online Journals},
	organization = {IEEE; Carinthia Tech Inst; IAOE; IELA; IGIP; Online Journals},
	abstract = {It is very important first to state that the emergence of the e-commerce and e-government or the electronic libraries perform a necessity to have an access to multiple resources of information. Otherwise, these sources are not necessarily homogenous, either on the syntactic or semantic standard. For the semantic component, the conflicts appear when the systems don{\textquoteright}t have the some interpretation of exchanged information. Let me give you example which I think bring out what I mean by this, the existing systems are completely heterogeneous, geographically remote and developed under different platforms in the field of E-learning yet, they need to collaborate, exchange, and re-use the data and services by keeping the same meaning. In other words, the user (learner) must have transparent way in all these resources and information in which he is in need although He belongs to other difference. Despite the fact that these resources and information{\textquoteright}s interpretations don{\textquoteright}t change on system to another, this issue is well-known by semantic interoperability in the research field of information. This concept in identified by the ability to interpret and use exchanged data not only the content but also in the meaning. {[}01] Many solutions can be suggested by relying on semantic web approach and basing on ontology. These are instances by which we can describe the structure, semantic content and system{\textquoteright}s objective. This detailed description permits the systems to understand the semantic of exchanged data, to facilitate their localization and to ensure their integration. {[}03] Our direction in this research aimed at finding on approach which responds to semantic issue in domain of learning at the moment the exchange of the information of each interpreted system. And analyze the shared content in its own ontology and treat it in coherent manner without losing its meaning. The major challenge of this approach is how to compare and identify the correspondence among concepts of different ontology systems. There are three major approaches; we can state them as follow: integrated approach, the federated approach and the unified approach. {[}03] Our article is intended to elaborate a comparative study between these approaches, to study the benefits and limits of each approach and perform hosed choice. This technique might permit to a good response to the problem of semantic interoperability.},
	isbn = {978-1-4673-4924-6},
	author = {Faqihi, B. and Daoudi, N. and Ajhoun, R.}
}
@conference {Faqihi2012134,
	title = {Towards the implementation of semantic interoperability of information systems via technique of matching: Issue and prospective},
	booktitle = {2012 International Conference on Interactive Mobile and Computer Aided Learning, IMCL 2012},
	year = {2012},
	note = {cited By 0},
	pages = {134-140},
	doi = {10.1109/IMCL.2012.6396464},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84873168694\&doi=10.1109\%2fIMCL.2012.6396464\&partnerID=40\&md5=fc312da1cafe93b0fe3d989cfbcc537c},
	author = {Faqihi, B. and Daoudi, N. and Ajhoun, R.}
}
