@book {Ajana201569,
	title = {Middleware architecture in WSN},
	series = {Wireless Sensor and Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks Vehicular and Space Applications},
	year = {2015},
	note = {cited By 0},
	pages = {69-94},
	abstract = {Sensors integrated into the environment, machinery, and structures, and coupled with the efficient delivery of sensed information could provide tremendous benefits in a wide range of applications such as improved manufacturing productivity, enhanced homeland security, fewer catastrophic failures, and improved emergency response. The design and development of these applications should address the challenges dictated by Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) characteristics on the one hand and the targeted applications on the other hand. One of the novel emerging approaches used to address these challenges is the design of middleware for WSN. Middleware refers to distributed software that can bridge the gap and remove impediments between the heterogeneous hardware platform and the backend applications requirements. In recent years, research has been carried out on WSN middleware from different aspects and for different purposes. WSN can be used with other identification technologies such as Radio Frequency Identification (RFID). In an integration system of RFID and WSN, RFID is used to identify objects while WSN can provide context environment information about these objects. This integration increases system intelligence in pervasive computing. This chapter provides a comprehensive review of the existing middleware for WSN, seeking for a better understanding of the current issues and future directions in this field. It also examines the various approaches of middleware design, compares and suggests different types of applications where each approach can be used. Finally, it proposes an enhanced middleware framework; FlexRFID for the integration of RFID and WSN. {\textcopyright} Springer New York 2015.},
	doi = {10.1007/978-1-4939-2468-4_4},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84944541066\&doi=10.1007\%2f978-1-4939-2468-4_4\&partnerID=40\&md5=7528b0c1dd36ea99feee4221b272284a},
	author = {Ajana, M.E.K.a and Mohammed, E.a b and Boulmalf, M.c}
}
@article {ElKhaddar201543,
	title = {A policy-based middleware for context-aware pervasive computing},
	journal = {International Journal of Pervasive Computing and Communications},
	volume = {11},
	number = {1},
	year = {2015},
	note = {cited By 1},
	pages = {43-68},
	abstract = {Purpose {\textendash} This paper aims to demonstrate that a policy-based middleware solution which facilitates the development of context-aware applications and the integration of the heterogeneous devices should be provided for ubiquitous computing environments. Ubiquitous computing targets the provision of seamless services and applications by providing an environment that involves a variety of devices having different capabilities. These applications help transforming the physical spaces into computationally active and smart environments. The design of applications in these environments needs to consider the heterogeneous devices, applications preferences and rapidly changing contexts. The applications, therefore, need to be context-aware so that they can adapt to different situations in real-time. Design/methodology/approach {\textendash} In this paper, we argue that a policy-based middleware solution that facilitates the development of context-aware applications and the integration of the heterogeneous devices should be provided for ubiquitous computing environments. The middleware allows applications to track items and acquire contextual information about them easily, reason about this information captured using different logics and then adapt to changing contexts. A key issue in these environments is to allow heterogeneous applications to express their business rules once, and get the preferred data once they are captured by the middleware without any intervention from the application side. Findings {\textendash} Our middleware tackles this problem by using policies to define the different applications{\textquoteright} rules and preferences. These policies can specify rules about the middleware services to be used, type of data captured, devices used, user roles, context information and any other type of conditions. Originality/value {\textendash} In this paper, we propose the design of a flexible and performant ubiquitous computing, and context-aware middleware called FlexRFID along with its evaluation results. {\textcopyright} Emerald Group Publishing Limited.},
	doi = {10.1108/IJPCC-07-2014-0039},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84928536703\&doi=10.1108\%2fIJPCC-07-2014-0039\&partnerID=40\&md5=1ea1a116178cb05d7fea8c54743c528b},
	author = {El Khaddar, M.A.a and Chraibi, M.b and Harroud, H.b and Boulmalf, M.c and Elkoutbi, M.a and Maach, A.d}
}
