@article {Daoudi2022505,
	title = {Adaptive Enterprise Architecture: Complexity Metrics in a Mixed Evaluation Method},
	journal = {Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing},
	volume = {455 LNBIP},
	year = {2022},
	note = {cited By 0},
	pages = {505-523},
	abstract = {Classically, enterprises future is intertwined with the needs and demands of society. Nowadays, in addition to those two elements, challenges are becoming more and more numerous and unavoidable. Saying a few, global warming, social responsibilities, Covid 19, digital transformation{\textellipsis} We are living in a new era that is highly volatile and unpredictable. We don{\textquoteright}t have anymore the privilege to choose threats and opportunities that we want to adapt to. In fact adaptation becomes a necessity to survive in this highly competitive and dynamic environment. Factors coming from those challenges externally on top of internal ones can impact various parts of the enterprise in the form of changes. Thus, Adaptive Enterprise Architecture (EA) is leveraged to assist the continuous adaptation to the evolving transformation. On the other hand, one of the criteria of Adaptive EA is the ability to monitor and control the complexity of changes. In this paper, we suggest a mixed approach of EA complexity measurement based on quantitative and qualitative analysis. First, we begin with a recap of the criteria shaping our Adaptive Enterprise Architecture approach and we give an overview of the model that we worked on in previous work. Then we investigate related work about complexity and subjective measurement. Finally, we describe our mixed approach of assessment of complexity and we focus on the calculation of some objective and subjective metrics. {\textcopyright} 2022, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.},
	keywords = {Adaptation, Adaptive enterprise, Complexity, Complexity measurement, Complexity metrics, Dynamic environments, enterprise architecture, Evaluation methods, Global warming, Memory architecture, Mixed approach, Social responsibilities},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-08965-7_26},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85135013677\&doi=10.1007\%2f978-3-031-08965-7_26\&partnerID=40\&md5=0f86e1df30e1a710a67e90c0238de8f1},
	author = {Daoudi, W. and Doumi, K. and Kjiri, L.}
}
@conference {Ettahiri2022714,
	title = {Dynamic Enterprise Architecture planning using case-based reasoning and blockchain},
	booktitle = {Procedia Computer Science},
	volume = {204},
	year = {2022},
	note = {cited By 0},
	pages = {714-721},
	abstract = {Nowadays, Enterprises are aware that the only existing certainty, is a future of great uncertainty (Allen Paulos). Therefore, the potential drivers of change should be detected and the solutions or path to solutions should be prepared in advance. In our work we adopt, the concept of Enterprise architecture, as the tool ensuring the alignment strategy//business//IT. So, to implement any change, we propose using CBR for case-based reasoning to store a set of problems with their solutions, and then to use algorithms of similarity and adaptation to propose the most adapted solution to the problem. Our goal in this paper is to maximize experiences and enrich the knowledge base so that the reasoning mechanism and similarity process is as reliable as possible. Thus, we suggest, a sharing of knowledge bases between allied or contracted companies or subsidiaries. (Example national strategy to be implemented regionally on a case-by-case basis) to ensure reliable sharing, we suggest the use of blockchain technology. {\textcopyright} 2022 Elsevier B.V.. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Block-chain, Blockchain, Business-IT, Case based reasoning, Casebased reasonings (CBR), Dynamic aspects, EA planning, enterprise architecture, Enterprise architecture planning, Enterprise IS, Knowledge based systems, Memory architecture, Nearest-neighbor algorithms, Uncertainty},
	doi = {10.1016/j.procs.2022.08.086},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85142888032\&doi=10.1016\%2fj.procs.2022.08.086\&partnerID=40\&md5=86f11d0e65286d500617f34193f7c127},
	author = {Ettahiri, I. and Doumi, K.}
}
@conference {ElIdrissi2022,
	title = {On The Formalization of The TOGAF Content MetaModel Using Ontologies},
	booktitle = {2022 International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Computer Vision, ISCV 2022},
	year = {2022},
	note = {cited By 0},
	abstract = {Ontology, when well designed, provides a semantic model that facilitates human interpretation of models and reduces their ambiguity and complexity. A formal-based standards ontology can be processed automatically by computer programs, providing several benefits such as automatic knowledge discovery and inference, inconsistency detection, and interoperability. Several frameworks have been developed to control the complexity of the enterprise architecture. This paper focuses on the TOGAF framework and precisely on its content metamodel. It analyses and discusses the reported approaches to its formalization using ontologies. Additionally, it proposes some possible future directions to improve this work and enhance its adoption by the industrial world and academic communities. {\textcopyright} 2022 IEEE.},
	keywords = {Automatic knowledge discoveries, enterprise architecture, formalisation, Inconsistency detection, Interpretation of models, Meta model, Ontology, Ontology{\textquoteright}s, Semantic modelling, Semantic Web, Semantic-Web, Togaf framework},
	doi = {10.1109/ISCV54655.2022.9806063},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85134300854\&doi=10.1109\%2fISCV54655.2022.9806063\&partnerID=40\&md5=6066972d0de16301bf7195b5ec177385},
	author = {El Idrissi, B. and Tetou, C. and Doumi, K.}
}
@conference {Ettahiri2022553,
	title = {A New Approach for a Dynamic Enterprise Architecture Model using Ontology and Case-based Reasoning},
	booktitle = {International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems, ICEIS - Proceedings},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2022},
	note = {cited By 0},
	pages = {553-560},
	abstract = {To meet the demands of a dynamic and constantly changing environment, (DRP) Disaster Recovery Plans, (BCP) Business Continuity Plans, change management, agile activities, and best practice guides are developed with the ultimate objective of providing enterprises with the tools to deal with change rapidly and flexibly. Starting from the premise that Enterprise architecture remains the instrument ensuring this alignment Strategy//business//IT, dynamic aspects should be present in the EA representation but also should be perceived in the reaction of enterprises managing the change. On the other hand, ontologies offer a formal and a shared representation of the domain studied; EA in our case. Once formalized, the representation became computable so, all the EA reactions became dynamic towards the triggers of change. To benefit from the previous experiences, Case-based reasoning is introduced in our approach allowing a problem resolution via similarity and adaptation of knowledge to the current context. Copyright {\textcopyright} 2022 by SCITEPRESS {\textendash} Science and Technology Publications, Lda. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Business continuity plans, Case based reasoning, Casebased reasonings (CBR), Changing environment, Disaster recovery plan, enterprise architecture, Enterprise architecture modeling, Enterprise ontology, Memory architecture, New approaches, Ontology, Ontology{\textquoteright}s, Ontology-based},
	doi = {10.5220/0011079400003179},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85140894102\&doi=10.5220\%2f0011079400003179\&partnerID=40\&md5=2fb612722e5a4402ee65bad0c47bf383},
	author = {Ettahiri, I. and Doumi, K. and Falih, N.}
}
@conference {Kawtar2021356,
	title = {Algorithms to analyze the impact of change on Enterprise Architecture},
	booktitle = {Procedia Computer Science},
	volume = {196},
	year = {2021},
	note = {cited By 0},
	pages = {356-363},
	abstract = {Currently, the organizations are constantly confronted with rapid and radical changes, making the company in turbulence that requires a transformation from a state to a target state. This turbulence needs agility on the part of companies, i.e. the ability to monitor their environment and be ready to react. Enterprise architecture needs transformation if its levels of abstraction are affected by its changes, so enterprise architecture needs to be agile to evolve over time. To measure the impact of change on the abstraction levels. This article proposes different algorithms to proceed to the change impact analysis in the different abstraction levels to be able to analyze the change impact of different projects on the elements of the enterprise architecture and to make it agile. {\textcopyright} 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Abstracting, Abstraction level, Change, Change impact analysis, Change impacts, enterprise architecture, Impact analysis, Impact of changes, Target state, Turbulence},
	doi = {10.1016/j.procs.2021.12.024},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85122850755\&doi=10.1016\%2fj.procs.2021.12.024\&partnerID=40\&md5=b2c3a2dc28e8214916f9d3aef066ddd4},
	author = {Kawtar, I. and Karim, D. and Salah, B.}
}
@conference {Daoudi2021759,
	title = {Complexity and Adaptive Enterprise Architecture},
	booktitle = {International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems, ICEIS - Proceedings},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2021},
	note = {cited By 1},
	pages = {759-767},
	abstract = {In the current VUCA (Volatility, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity) environment, enterprises are facing constant threats and opportunities due to internal and external factors. Those factors can impact various parts of the enterprise in the form of changes. Thus, Adaptive Enterprise Architecture (EA) is leveraged to assist the continuous adaptation to the evolving transformation. On the other hand, the complexity has been identified as one of the major challenges of the discipline of Enterprise Architecture. Moreover, one of the criteria of Adaptive EA is the ability to monitor and control the complexity of changes. Consequently, in this paper, we suggest a conceptualization of EA complexity measurement drilled down into factors and indicators. First, we begin with a brief summary of the criteria that we consider compulsory for Adaptive Enterprise Architecture and we give an overview of the model that we worked on in previous work. Then we investigate related work about complexity in a broader view. Finally, we describe our approach of assessment of complexity based on the proposed indicators. Copyright {\textcopyright} 2021 by SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, Lda.},
	keywords = {{\textquoteright}current, Adaptation, Adaptive enterprise, Complexity, Dynamic environments, enterprise architecture, Enterprise IS, Information systems, Information use, Internal and external factors, Monitor and control, Volatility uncertainties},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85135024780\&partnerID=40\&md5=2aaf626491ca37f943bcb904a81c8e4f},
	author = {Daoudi, W. and Doumi, K. and Kjiri, L.}
}
@conference {Wissal2020557,
	title = {Adaptive Enterprise Architecture: Initiatives and Criteria},
	booktitle = {7th International Conference on Control, Decision and Information Technologies, CoDIT 2020},
	year = {2020},
	note = {cited By 3},
	pages = {557-562},
	abstract = {Due mainly to digital transformation, enterprises are immersed in dynamic environments. They are dealing with internal and external changes (gradual or abrupt, frequent or occasional, in the short or long term) that impact various parts of their Enterprise Architecture. To cope with the requirements of this new digital era, agility and adaptation are compulsory. Though Enterprise Architecture (EA) was designed as a catalyst for change management, traditional Enterprise Architecture approaches do not rely on well-defined concepts, lack agility and are constrained by layered architecture (business layer, functional layer, deployment layer, etc.). Thus, a new generation of EA, allowing continuous self-improvement and proactive adaptation to better match the new conditions, is required. In this paper, we explore and investigate some approaches of EA that deal with change management. Then, we, particularly, note the various definitions of the notion of adaptive EA, according to literature. Finally, we suggest some criteria, regarding the adaptation of EA, to highlight the limitations of the approaches analyzed. {\textcopyright} 2020 IEEE.},
	keywords = {Adaptive enterprise, Change management, Control engineering, Digital transformation, Dynamic environments, enterprise architecture, Functional layer, Layered architecture, Proactive adaptations},
	doi = {10.1109/CoDIT49905.2020.9263891},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85098274425\&doi=10.1109\%2fCoDIT49905.2020.9263891\&partnerID=40\&md5=a1b2cd3899750d3829a4b6b9824d2970},
	author = {Wissal, D. and Karim, D. and Laila, K.}
}
@conference {Daoudi2020,
	title = {Adaptive Enterprise Architecture: Towards a model},
	booktitle = {ACM International Conference Proceeding Series},
	year = {2020},
	note = {cited By 0},
	abstract = {Nowadays, enterprises are facing many changes due to digital transformation. So, they have to deal with new requirements that impact various parts of their Enterprise Architecture. To address the needs created by this new digital era, agility and adaptation are compulsory. Though Enterprise Architecture (EA) was designed as a catalyst for change management, traditional Enterprise Architecture approaches do not rely on well-defined concepts, lack agility and are constrained by layered architecture (business layer, functional layer, deployment layer, etc.). Thus, a new generation of EA, allowing continuous self-improvement and proactive adaptation to better match the new conditions, is required. In this paper, we highlighted some criteria, regarding the adaptation of EA and exploited them to show the limitations of the EA approaches analyzed. Then, we presented agile methods principles and discussed the mapping between them and the criteria that we proposed before. Finally, we proposed a simplified model based on Scrum for adaptive enterprise architecture. {\textcopyright} 2020 ACM.},
	keywords = {Adaptive enterprise, Change management, Digital transformation, enterprise architecture, Functional layer, Information systems, Information use, Layered architecture, Model-based OPC, Proactive adaptations},
	doi = {10.1145/3447568.3448539},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85103625235\&doi=10.1145\%2f3447568.3448539\&partnerID=40\&md5=4f7441d9a2cb09a9ffc18c39755d4958},
	author = {Daoudi, W. and Doumi, K. and Kjiri, L.}
}
@conference {Daoudi2020738,
	title = {An approach for adaptive enterprise architecture},
	booktitle = {ICEIS 2020 - Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2020},
	note = {cited By 4},
	pages = {738-745},
	abstract = {Given the fast emergence of new technologies and the highly changing business demands, enterprises are confronted with the need to keep up with the evolving transformation. This one is subject to internal and external factors which make it very often in the form of disruptive changes. As a consequence, various parts of companies{\textquoteright} Enterprise Architecture are impacted. To address the new requirements of these increasingly dynamic environments, enterprises need to transition from heavy and document-centred Enterprise Architecture Frameworks to more agile and continuously adaptive approaches. On the other hand, Agile Software Development (ASD) are commonly used methods for IT development. They are mainly characterized by the high involvement of the requester and the rapid accommodation to development needs. This paper presents an Adaptive Enterprise Architecture model that is inspired from some ASD values. Thus, we begin with a brief summary of the criteria that we consider compulsory for Adaptive Enterprise Architecture. Then we present the related work and the connection between agile values and our criteria. Finally, we describe our model and illustrate it via a case study. Copyright {\textcopyright} 2020 by SCITEPRESS {\textendash} Science and Technology Publications, Lda. All rights reserved},
	keywords = {Adaptive approach, Adaptive enterprise, Agile manufacturing systems, Agile software development, Business demands, Development needs, Dynamic environments, enterprise architecture, Information systems, Information use, Internal and external factors, Software design},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85091394601\&partnerID=40\&md5=47480aba028e3e923b145c862859135c},
	author = {Daoudi, W. and Doumi, K. and Kjiri, L.}
}
@article {11406228320150701,
	title = {The impact of data accuracy on user-perceived business service{\textquoteright}s quality.},
	journal = {CISTI (Iberian Conference on Information Systems \& Technologies / Confer{\^e}ncia Ib{\'e}rica de Sistemas e Tecnologias de Informa{\c c}{\~a}o) Proceedings},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {145 - 148},
	abstract = {As business processes have become increasingly automated, data quality becomes the limiting and penalizing factor in the business service{\textquoteright}s overall quality, and thus impacts customer satisfaction, whether it is an end-user, an institutional partner or a regulatory authority. The available research that is related to business services{\textquoteright} quality paid very little attention to the impact of poor data quality on good services delivery and customer satisfaction, and to the calculation of the optimal level of data quality. The aim of this paper is to present a customer-oriented approach that will help to understand and analyze how an organization business service{\textquoteright}s overall quality is linked to the quality of upstream business processes and of data objects in use. This paper also introduces a calculation framework that allows the identification of an optimal level of data quality {\textendash} data accuracy dimension in the case of this paper - taking into account the business processes{\textquoteright} execution accura},
	keywords = {accuracy, Business process management {\textendash} Research, Business process outsourcing, Business service and process quality, Consumers {\textendash} Attitudes, Customer satisfaction {\textendash} Research, data quality, Data quality {\textendash} Research, enterprise architecture, user satisfaction},
	url = {http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true\&db=iih\&AN=114062283\&site=ehost-live},
	author = {Belhiah, Meryam and Bounabat, Bouchalb and Achchab, Said}
}
@article {6016823720110101,
	title = {Interoperability Monitoring for eGovernment Service Delivery Based on Enterprise Architecture.},
	journal = {Proceedings of the European Conference on Information Management \& Evaluation},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {169 - 180},
	abstract = {Public administration has to prepare itself to deliver fully integrated eGovernment services. This delivery often requires cooperation via business processes interoperability across two or more departments. In this context, public departments and agencies need to implement interoperability using enterprise architecture techniques to structure business processes, and service oriented models to achieve their integration. Thus, it{\textquoteright}s quite interesting to adopt enterprise architecture paradigm and techniques to analyse, track and control the evolution degree of processes interoperability from the existing "as-is" state to the future "to-be" state. The present paper proposes a periodic monitoring approach based on an assessment method which considers three main aspects of interoperation: 1. Potentiality, reflecting the preparation to interoperate. The objective is to foster interoperation readiness by eliminating barriers that may obstruct the interaction. 2. Compatibility, referring to int},
	keywords = {and eHealth, communication, Computer software, enterprise architecture, integrated public eService, Internet, Internetworking (Telecommunication), interoperability assessment, Local government, Organizational governance, periodic monitoring, Public administration, Public hospitals},
	url = {http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true\&db=bth\&AN=60168237\&site=ehost-live},
	author = {Elmir, Badr and Alrajeh, Nabil and Bounabat, Bouchaib}
}
@article {6016824720110101,
	title = {Toward a Novel Methodology for IT Strategic Planning.},
	journal = {Proceedings of the European Conference on Information Management \& Evaluation},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {263 - 273},
	abstract = {Defining IT target state and the specific roadmap to attain it, are main focuses of IT strategic planning which is considered increasingly as the basis for IT decision-making and governance. Unfortunately, it hasn{\textquoteright}t evolved with the same speed as other fields in the IT sphere. Most of the techniques, approaches and methods related to IT Strategic Planning date back to the 80s or 90s and are most often oriented business rather than IT. Enterprise Architecture is a really promising discipline aimed at capturing the as-is architecture of an enterprise, defining the target and the roadmap to get from existing to desired state. In that way, it is tightly related to IT strategic planning and it can provide a framework to fill the gap and contribute in structuring and formalizing IT Strategic Planning field. Enterprise Architecture benefits from a standardization effort as well as from tool support. Deliverables and artifacts are generally well defined and structured in the existing framewor},
	keywords = {Business enterprises, content framework, Decision making, enterprise architecture, Information technology, IS strategic planning, metamodel, Methodology, Standardization, Strategic planning},
	url = {http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true\&db=bth\&AN=60168247\&site=ehost-live},
	author = {Lakhdissi, Mouhsine and Bounabat, Bouchaib}
}
