@article {Laghridat2022,
	title = {Coordinated control by ADRC strategy for a wind farm based on SCIG considering low voltage ride-through capability},
	journal = {Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems},
	volume = {7},
	number = {1},
	year = {2022},
	note = {cited By 3},
	abstract = {Wind farms are integrated with the power grid system to provide active and reactive power. Because in a wind farm, wind turbines (WTs) are highly coupled to their operating conditions, a central wind farm supervisory unit must take into account these conditions when producing power control references for each WT. The aim of this paper is to manage and control the active and reactive power of wind farms based on squirrel cage induction generators and back-to-back converters. The proportional distribution algorithm is used for distributing wind farm power to individual WTs. In addition, we consider the development of a local power management and control units for WTs. This is in order to extract the maximum available power from the wind, and to provide the active and reactive power predetermined by the transmission system operator, or to satisfy the grid code requirements considering Low Voltage Ride-through capability. The power dispatch strategy is to be used on all WTs using the distribution algorithm while ensuring the control loops using the proposed Active Disturbance Rejection Control strategy. The results demonstrate that the proposed strategies are efficient and can guarantee the safe integration of wind farms into the grid while respecting grid code requirements and power system stability. {\textcopyright} 2022, The Author(s).},
	keywords = {Active and Reactive Power, Asynchronous generators, Co-ordinated control, Distribution algorithms, Disturbance rejection, Electric fault currents, Electric load dispatching, Electric power system control, Electric power system interconnection, Electric power transmission, Electric power transmission networks, Electric utilities, Grid code requirements, Lower Voltage Ride Through, Power control, Reactive power, Ridethrough capability, SCIG, Supervision, System stability, Wind farm, Wind generator systems, Wind power, Wind turbines},
	doi = {10.1186/s41601-022-00227-0},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85126063800\&doi=10.1186\%2fs41601-022-00227-0\&partnerID=40\&md5=4112037a59e61ad82c8095ef0c01a559},
	author = {Laghridat, H. and Essadki, A. and Nasser, T.}
}
@conference {Annoukoubi2021,
	title = {Cascade H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter for a Wind Energy Conversion System Applications},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of 2021 9th International Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conference, IRSEC 2021},
	year = {2021},
	note = {cited By 1},
	abstract = {This paper attends a study of the advantages of using a Cascade H-Bridge Multilevel inverter (MLI) for a wind energy conversion system WECS applications. As known WECS is a renewable system that aims to generate electrical energy from wind. In order to ensure the penetration of the generated energy into the power grid, it must satisfy IEEE 519 standards which consider that total harmonic distortion (THD) in power systems is limited in 5\%. Since Multilevel inverters have been suggested to deal with THD drawbacks of conventional two-level inverter devices in many applications. In this work, we present the study modulation and simulation in MATLAB/ SIMULINK of the wind energy conversion system based on a Cascade H-Bridge Multilevel. The results of the simulation will confirm the import of using this inverter instead of the conventional one. {\textcopyright} 2021 IEEE.},
	keywords = {Asynchronous generators, Bridge circuits, Cascade H bridges, Cascade H-bridge inverte, Doubly fed induction generators, Electric fault currents, Electric inverters, Electric power transmission networks, Electrical energy, Energy, Energy conversion, IEEE Standards, MATLAB, Multi Level Inverter (MLI), Multilevels, System applications, Total harmonic distortions, Wind energy conversion system, Wind power},
	doi = {10.1109/IRSEC53969.2021.9741171},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85128060785\&doi=10.1109\%2fIRSEC53969.2021.9741171\&partnerID=40\&md5=8f44bdb484c9f449dc46750d25fd7d71},
	author = {Annoukoubi, M. and Essadki, A. and Nasser, T.}
}
@article {Chakib2021320,
	title = {Contribution of Variable Speed Wind Turbine Generator Based on DFIG Using ADRC and RST Controllers to Frequency Regulation},
	journal = {International Journal of Renewable Energy Research},
	volume = {11},
	number = {1},
	year = {2021},
	note = {cited By 3},
	pages = {320-331},
	abstract = {In the interconnected power systems, there must always be a balance between the amount of electricity produced and the amount of electricity consumed in order to keep the grid frequency stable and nearby to its nominal value. Therefore, any change in consumption can lead to imbalance, instability, load shedding and system frequency disturbances. With the increase of wind energy penetration level in the electrical network, it has become necessary to make wind generators participate in frequency regulation. The fundamental objective of this research paper is to investigate the ability of wind turbine at variable speed equipped with doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) to contribute in the grid frequency regulation. For the purpose of the contribution in the frequency regulation, the wind turbine system must inject a supplementary power support into the electrical network. To do that, two control strategies are adopted: the first one is the synthetic inertia control which uses the kinetic energy reserved and stocked in the turbine and generator rotors of the wind system. The second one is the droop frequency control which includes the deloading method that allows to the VSWT to create a certain reserve active power. Then, each of these control techniques is implemented and their performances are evaluated in case of frequency variation. Moreover, the control structure that uses the combination of these two techniques is also implemented and studied. The active disturbance rejection control strategy (ADRC), the classical PI controller and the polynomial RST controller have been adopted to command the rotor side converter (RSC) of the DFIG which allows it to provide, in case of frequency fault, a support for the power system into the grid by adjusting the rotor speed. The performance of these controllers are tested and compared and the simulation is performed by MATLAB/Simulink simulation software. {\textcopyright} 2021, International Journal of Renewable Energy Research. All Rights Reserved.},
	keywords = {Active disturbances rejection controls, Asynchronous generators, Control strategies, Controllers, Deloading method, Disturbance rejection, Doubly fed induction generators, Droop control strategies, Electric fault currents, Electric load shedding, Electric machine control, Electric power generation, Electric power system control, Electric power transmission networks, Frequency regulations, Inertia control strategy, Kinetic energy, Kinetics, MATLAB, Software testing, Turbogenerators, Variable speed wind turbine system, Variable speed wind turbines, Wind power, Wind Turbine Generators, Wind turbine systems},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85104004530\&partnerID=40\&md5=b73f8dda0c74fb1904944b96c7b3b388},
	author = {Chakib, M. and Nasser, T. and Essadki, A.}
}
@article {Fdaili2021,
	title = {Noncontrolled fault current limiter with reactive power support for transient stability improvement of DFIG-based variable speed wind generator during grid faults},
	journal = {International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems},
	volume = {31},
	number = {8},
	year = {2021},
	note = {cited By 0},
	abstract = {According to the recent grid codes, wind turbine systems (WTSs) are required to stay connected to the grid during grid faults and provide reactive power to support the grid. Therefore, this paper proposes a noncontrolled fault current limiter (NCFCL) with reactive power support for transient stability improvement of DFIG-based WTSs under grid faults. The proposed NCFCL is based on a nonsuperconducting reactor located in the rotor side. The NCFCL considerably limits the rotor and stator overcurrents and improves the transient stability of the doubly fed induction generator (DIFG). In addition, the proposed strategy reduces DC-link overvoltage and electromagnetic torque oscillations and also provides reactive power to the grid to support the grid voltage recovery. In this way, the fault ride-through (FRT) requirements of the latest grid codes can be fulfilled without affecting the DFIG stability in normal operation. Simulation studies using MATLAB/Simulink-2019a are performed on a 2-MW DFIG-based WTS to confirm the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed FRT strategy. Simulation results reveal that the proposed strategy provides better performance compared to the crowbar protection to improve the FRT capability. {\textcopyright} 2021 John Wiley \& Sons Ltd.},
	keywords = {Asynchronous generators, Doubly fed induction generator (DFIG), Electric equipment protection, Electric power system stability, Electric power transmission networks, Electromagnetic torques, Fault current limiters, Fault ride-through (FRT), MATLAB, Power quality, Reactive power, Reactive power support, Simulation studies, Stability, Transient stability improvement, Transients, Variable speed wind generator, Wind turbine systems},
	doi = {10.1002/2050-7038.12955},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85106339133\&doi=10.1002\%2f2050-7038.12955\&partnerID=40\&md5=0d56eb902eaedec23510576c443fc7a3},
	author = {Fdaili, M. and Essadki, A. and Kharchouf, I. and Nasser, T.}
}
@article {Dari2021112,
	title = {A novel approach for COVID-19 outbreak spread monitoring and control using smart grid technology},
	journal = {International Journal of Security and Networks},
	volume = {16},
	number = {2},
	year = {2021},
	note = {cited By 0},
	pages = {112-116},
	abstract = {The novel coronavirus SARS-COV-2 was discovered in November 2019, in China. On March, 2020, the WHO announced that COVID-19 could be characterised as a pandemic (WHO, 2020a). Then, it was rapidly spread from China to others countries. Coronavirus disease, COVID-19, is a viral infection that generates a severe acute respiratory syndrome with serious clinical symptoms given by such as fever, dry cough, and pneumonia (Kucharski et al., 2020). In addition, this virus is so widespread among people and it is difficult to control. To fight the rapid spread of new diseases like COVID-19, the support of technologies such as AI, big data, and IoT has proved to be very useful and provides better pandemic spread control tools. In this paper, we propose to leverage smart grid technology to detect COVID-19 cases clusters, to accelerate pandemic remote monitoring, and to predict probable virus future spread by collecting and analysing retrieved data. Copyright {\textcopyright} 2021 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.},
	keywords = {Clinical symptoms, Computer viruses, Control tools, Coronaviruses, Disease control, Diseases, Electric power transmission networks, Monitoring and control, Remote monitoring, Severe acute respiratory syndrome, Smart Grid technologies, Smart power grids, Viral infections, Viruses},
	doi = {10.1504/IJSN.2021.116776},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85112096964\&doi=10.1504\%2fIJSN.2021.116776\&partnerID=40\&md5=ce1f09dff4843caf87477ad80438183b},
	author = {Dari, E.Y. and Bendahmane, A. and Essaaidi, M.}
}
@article {Dari20211,
	title = {Verification-based data integrity mechanism in smart grid network},
	journal = {International Journal of Security and Networks},
	volume = {16},
	number = {1},
	year = {2021},
	note = {cited By 1},
	pages = {1-11},
	abstract = {The integration of open communication infrastructures and bidirectional communication between smart metres and utilities in smart grids is very important to support vast amounts of data exchange. It also increases the openness and opportunity of resource sharing across smart grid users, which makes the network vulnerable to several cyber-attacks. These cyber-attacks target smart metres data integrity through several known threats. The most known threats are false data injection (FDI) attacks that manipulate, modify or destroy data by some malicious users. Therefore, these attacks make the smart metres behave maliciously to return false data and to sabotage the system functions. In this paper, we propose a new approach to improve the integrity of data generated by smart metres in a smart grid, namely, verificationbased data integrity mechanism (VBDIM). The performance of our approach is evaluated through simulation to investigate the effects of collusive smart metres on the correctness of their generated data. The obtained results show that our approach achieves a lower blacklisting error and error-rate, and better performance in terms of overhead and slowdown. {\textcopyright} 2021 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Bi-directional communication, Computer crime, Crime, Data integrity, Electric power transmission networks, Electronic data interchange, False data injection, Network security, New approaches, Open communication, Resource sharing, Smart grid networks, Smart power grids, System functions},
	doi = {10.1504/IJSN.2021.112835},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85100632953\&doi=10.1504\%2fIJSN.2021.112835\&partnerID=40\&md5=a38922b80a6dd1fbf545482cb986f641},
	author = {Dari, E.Y. and Bendahmane, A. and Essaaidi, M.}
}
@article {Zou2021,
	title = {Wind turbine power curve modeling using an asymmetric error characteristic-based loss function and a hybrid intelligent optimizer},
	journal = {Applied Energy},
	volume = {304},
	year = {2021},
	note = {cited By 4},
	abstract = {Wind energy is one of the most promising solutions to energy crisis and environmental pollution, so it is being developed rapidly. Wind turbine power curves (WTPCs) play an important role in wind energy assessment, turbine condition monitoring, and power grid dispatching. However, there are two challenges in WTPC modeling: model selection and parameter optimization. Many parametric and non-parametric models have been developed to characterize WTPCs, but none can always perform the best due to the complex wind regimes. In this paper, considering the simple structure and interpretability of model parameters, a set of parametric WTPC models is constructed to adapt to the variability of wind regimes, and the optimal candidate will be selected from the set according to their performances. As to the process of parameter optimization, a novel loss function, which considers the asymmetric error characteristic of WTPC modeling, is proposed, and a hybrid intelligent optimization method named GWO-BSA, which makes full use of the advantages of grey wolf optimizer and backtracking search algorithm, is designed. Finally, a novel WTPC modeling strategy, which combines the candidate model set, error characteristic-based loss function, and GWO-BSA, is proposed to obtain better power curves. Experimental results show that (1) GWO-BSA shows faster convergence speed and higher optimization accuracy than single optimization algorithms; (2) the proposed error characteristic-based loss function has better performance than the commonly used symmetric loss functions; and (3) compared with some popular artificial intelligence-based models, the designed WTPC modeling strategy produces better WTPCs under different wind regimes. {\textcopyright} 2021 Elsevier Ltd},
	keywords = {alternative energy, Asymmetric error characteristic, Asymmetric errors, Condition monitoring, Curve fitting, Curve modeling, Electric load dispatching, Electric power transmission networks, energy efficiency, Energy policy, energy use, Error characteristic-based loss function, Error characteristics, Errors, hybrid, Hybrid optimization algorithm, Loss functions, Optimization, Power curves, power generation, Wind power, wind turbine, Wind turbine power, Wind turbine power curve modeling, Wind turbines},
	doi = {10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.117707},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85114406958\&doi=10.1016\%2fj.apenergy.2021.117707\&partnerID=40\&md5=2247666b1228f85e03abc68add3c45d2},
	author = {Zou, R. and Yang, J. and Wang, Y. and Liu, F. and Essaaidi, M. and Srinivasan, D.}
}
@article {Mensou2020,
	title = {A direct power control of a DFIG based-WECS during symmetrical voltage dips},
	journal = {Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems},
	volume = {5},
	number = {1},
	year = {2020},
	note = {cited By 42},
	abstract = {The Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS) based Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) has experienced a rapid development in the world, which leads to an increasing insertion of this source of energy in the electrical grids. The sudden and temporary drop of voltage at the network can affect the operation of the DFIG; the voltage dips produce high peak currents on the stator and rotor circuits, without protection, the rotor side converter (RSC) will suffer also from over-current limit, consequently, the RSC may even be destroyed and the generator be damaged. In this paper a new Direct Power Control (DPC) method was developed, in order to control the stator powers and help the operation of the aero-generator during the faults grid; by injecting the reactive power into the network to contribute to the return of voltage, and set the active power to the optimum value to suppress the high peak currents. The DPC method was designed using the nonlinear Backstepping (BS) controller associated with the Lyapunov function to ensure the stability and robustness of the system. A comparison study was undertaken to verify the robustness and effectiveness of the DPC-BS to that of the classical vector control (VC) using Proportional-Integral (PI) correctors. All were simulated under the Simulink{\textregistered} software. {\textcopyright} 2020, The Author(s).},
	keywords = {Aero-generator, Asynchronous generators, Backstepping, Backstepping technique, Doubly fed induction generators, DPC strategy, Electric equipment protection, Electric fault currents, Electric machine control, Electric power system control, Electric power transmission networks, Energy conversion, Lyapunov functions, Power control, Robustness (control systems), Rotorside converter (RSC), Stability and robustness, Stators, Two term control systems, Voltage dip, Wind energy conversion system, Wind power},
	doi = {10.1186/s41601-019-0148-y},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85078233240\&doi=10.1186\%2fs41601-019-0148-y\&partnerID=40\&md5=522588067926dd57f4d68f2b24a05345},
	author = {Mensou, S. and Essadki, A. and Nasser, T. and Bououlid Idrissi, B.}
}
@conference {Hafdi2020,
	title = {Formal Modeling and Validation of Micro Smart Grids Based on ReDy Architecture},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of 2020 5th International Conference on Cloud Computing and Artificial Intelligence: Technologies and Applications, CloudTech 2020},
	year = {2020},
	note = {cited By 0},
	abstract = {Several cities in the world are moving from traditional power grid to Smart Grids. In order to set up Smart Grids, we should be able to face many challenges related to reliability, scalability, dynamism, technological solutions, security, etc. In this paper, we propose a case study where we model a micro Smart Grid according to the ReDy architecture, which is intended for IoT applications. The ReDy architecture provides a base to implement a scalable, reliable, and dynamic IoT network ready to meet Smart Grid needs. In order to prove those requirements, we opted for formal modeling and validation approach using model checking techniques. This formal analysis is carried out using the CADP toolbox. {\textcopyright} 2020 IEEE.},
	keywords = {Artificial intelligence, Binary alloys, Cloud computing, Dysprosium alloys, Electric power transmission networks, Formal analysis, Formal model, Internet of things, IOT applications, IOT networks, Microgrids, Model checking, Model-checking techniques, Network architecture, Power grids, Rhenium alloys, Smart grid, Smart power grids, Technological solution},
	doi = {10.1109/CloudTech49835.2020.9365923},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85102629868\&doi=10.1109\%2fCloudTech49835.2020.9365923\&partnerID=40\&md5=7c48017aaa6f8aa00a31f5ae27bd816c},
	author = {Hafdi, K. and Kriouile, A.}
}
@article {Nadour2020,
	title = {Improving low-voltage ride-through capability of a multimegawatt DFIG based wind turbine under grid faults},
	journal = {Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems},
	volume = {5},
	number = {1},
	year = {2020},
	note = {cited By 22},
	abstract = {Large integration of doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) based wind turbines (WTs) into power networks can have significant consequences for power system operation and the quality of the energy supplied due to their excessive sensitivity towards grid disturbances. Under voltage dips, the resulting overcurrent and overvoltage in the rotor circuit and the DC link of a DFIG, could lead to the activation of the protection system and WT disconnection. This potentially results in sudden loss of several tens/hundreds of MWs of energy, and consequently intensifying the severity of the fault. This paper aims to combine the use of a crowbar protection circuit and a robust backstepping control strategy that takes into consideration of the dynamics of the magnetic flux, to improve DFIG{\textquoteright}s Low-Voltage Ride Through capability and fulfill the latest grid code requirements. While the power electronic interfaces are protected, the WTs also provide large reactive power during the fault to assist system voltage recovery. Simulation results using Matlab/Simulink demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy in terms of dynamic response and robustness against parametric variations. {\textcopyright} 2020, The Author(s).},
	keywords = {Asynchronous generators, Back-stepping controls, Backstepping, DFIG-based wind turbines, Doubly fed induction generators, Electric equipment protection, Electric fault currents, Electric power transmission networks, Grid code requirements, Low-voltage ride-through, MATLAB, Parametric variation, Power electronic interface, Power system operations, Surge protection, Wind turbines},
	doi = {10.1186/s41601-020-00172-w},
	url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85097098865\&doi=10.1186\%2fs41601-020-00172-w\&partnerID=40\&md5=c3743ad3971930ef037d484d50b7a63e},
	author = {Nadour, M. and Essadki, A. and Nasser, T.}
}
