Towards a Smart City Approach: A Comparative Study

There are conflicts and ambiguity regarding smart city strategies. Some works present smart city processes with vague and inconsistent steps. While others propose smart city elements and dimensions, rather than providing a clear and holistic approach. The most of smart city strategy works overlap one another, which creates ambiguity for smart city leaders. To fill this gap and reduce this ambiguity, the current paper presents and describes the main components of a smart city strategy framework, which are: strategic vision, action plan, and management strategy. To evaluate the relevance of these elements, the present paper conducts a comparative study. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.